Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Biological aspects of fluorine wikipedia , lookup
Gaseous signaling molecules wikipedia , lookup
Biosynthesis wikipedia , lookup
Carbon sink wikipedia , lookup
Microbial metabolism wikipedia , lookup
List of types of proteins wikipedia , lookup
Biosequestration wikipedia , lookup
Carbon Is it good or bad? Create a table for why it can be both… Carbon Good Bad Living things Plants need carbon dioxide to photosynthesize Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere keeps the planet warm and livable Many everyday things contain carbon Too much carbon dioxide in the atmosphere changes the climate Too much carbon dioxide in the ocean makes it acidic Forms acid rain 2.1 Molecules to metabolism Understanding: - Molecular biology explains living processes in terms of the chemical substances involved - Carbon atoms can form four bonds allowing a diversity of compounds to exist - Life is based on carbon compounds including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids - Metabolism is the web of all the enzyme catalyzed reactions in a cell or organism - Anabolism is the synthesis of complex molecules from simpler molecules including the formation of macro molecules from monomers by condensation reactions - Catabolism is the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler molecules including the hydrolysis of macromolecules into monomers. Applications: - Urea as an example of a compound that is produced by living organisms but can also be artificially synthesized Nature of science: - Falsification of theories: the artificial synthesis of urea helped to falsify vitalism Skills: - Drawing molecular diagrams of glucose, ribose, a saturated fatty acid and a generalized amino acid. - Identification of biochemicals such as carbohydrates, lipids or proteins from molecular diagrams. Carbon Think about each object Decide (without your laptop) whether you think they contain carbon Discuss your thoughts with others. Decide why and write down your answer in the box provided. Be prepared to share! Seashells Seashells Come from organisms that extract calcium and carbon from the water Form calcium carbonate shells Wooden table Wood Comes from a plant that once completed photosynthesis Take in carbon dioxide to produce glucose Plastic chair Plastic Derived from petroleum which contains hydrocarbons – made from hydrogen and carbon Fabric Fabric Plant-based (cotton) – photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide Polyester – petroleum products contain hydrocarbons Fizzy drinks Carbonated drinks Carbon dioxide gas dissolved in the liquid Water Water Carbon dioxide gas dissolved in the liquid Four most common elements in living organisms C H O N Inorganic or organic? Organic compounds = contain carbon, have C-H bonds Inorganic compounds = no carbon, no C-H bonds Always exceptions… Carbon dioxide – has carbon but is inorganic (no C-H bond) Urea – has no C-H bond but is classed as organic Carbon compounds Other elements can be added to carbon to make complex 3D molecules Carbon can form 4 covalent bonds Biochemical groupings of carbon compounds: Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic acids Work together to carry out reactions within cells Types of molecules Molecule Sub components Carbohydrates Monosaccharides Lipids Glycerol, fatty acids, phosphates Proteins Amino acids Nucleic acids Nucleotides Carbohydrates Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Arranged in a ring Lipids Insoluble in water Fat if solid at room temperature Oil if liquid at room temperature Arranged in three ‘prongs’ Contains phosphate groups Proteins Chain of amino acids (there are 20) Contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen Can contain sulphur Nucleic acids Chains of nucleotides Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus RNA DNA 2.1 Molecules to metabolism Understanding: - Molecular biology explains living processes in terms of the chemical substances involved - Carbon atoms can form four bonds allowing a diversity of compounds to exist - Life is based on carbon compounds including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids - Metabolism is the web of all the enzyme catalyzed reactions in a cell or organism - Anabolism is the synthesis of complex molecules from simpler molecules including the formation of macro molecules from monomers by condensation reactions - Catabolism is the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler molecules including the hydrolysis of macromolecules into monomers. Applications: - Urea as an example of a compound that is produced by living organisms but can also be artificially synthesized Nature of science: - Falsification of theories: the artificial synthesis of urea helped to falsify vitalism Skills: - Drawing molecular diagrams of glucose, ribose, a saturated fatty acid and a generalized amino acid. - Identification of biochemicals such as carbohydrates, lipids or proteins from molecular diagrams. You must be able to identify the structures! On your sheets: - Write the formula - Draw the structure (fully!) Identify the molecule Are the molecules proteins, lipids or carbohydrates? Identify the molecule Carbohydrate (Ribose) Identify the molecule Lipid (Stearic acid) Identify the molecule Lipid (Triglyceride) Identify the molecule Amino acid Identify the molecule Carbohydrate (Disaccharide) Spot the difference Metabolism Sum of all enzyme catalysed reactions in an organism (both intra and extracellular) A number of pathways – one molecule is transformed into another in a series of small steps - Anabolism - Catabolism Anabolism Build up larger molecules from smaller ones Require energy (ATP) Form macromolecules from monomers Catabolism Larger molecules broken down into smaller ones Release energy – re-used in the cell Macromolecules into monomers Type of metabolism Anabolism Catabolism What is it? What happens to the energy? Type of metabolism Anabolism What is it? What happens to the energy? Monomers into Energy needed macromolecules (small to big) Catabolism Macromolecules Energy given off into monomers and used in cell (big to small)