Download Molecules to metabolism

Carbon
Is it good or bad?
Create a table for why it can be both…
Carbon
Good
Bad
Living things
Plants need carbon dioxide to
photosynthesize
Carbon dioxide in the
atmosphere keeps the planet
warm and livable
Many everyday things contain
carbon
Too much carbon dioxide in
the atmosphere changes the
climate
Too much carbon dioxide in
the ocean makes it acidic
Forms acid rain
2.1 Molecules to metabolism
Understanding:
- Molecular biology explains living processes in
terms of the chemical substances involved
- Carbon atoms can form four bonds allowing a
diversity of compounds to exist
- Life is based on carbon compounds including
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids
- Metabolism is the web of all the enzyme
catalyzed reactions in a cell or organism
- Anabolism is the synthesis of complex molecules
from simpler molecules including the formation
of macro molecules from monomers by
condensation reactions
- Catabolism is the breakdown of complex
molecules into simpler molecules including the
hydrolysis of macromolecules into monomers.
Applications:
- Urea as an example of a compound that is
produced by living organisms but can also
be artificially synthesized
Nature of science:
- Falsification of theories: the artificial
synthesis of urea helped to falsify vitalism
Skills:
- Drawing molecular diagrams of glucose,
ribose, a saturated fatty acid and a
generalized amino acid.
- Identification of biochemicals such as
carbohydrates, lipids or proteins from
molecular diagrams.
Carbon
Think about each object
Decide (without your laptop) whether you think they
contain carbon
Discuss your thoughts with others.
Decide why and write down your answer in the box
provided.
Be prepared to share!
Seashells
Seashells
Come from organisms that extract calcium and
carbon from the water
Form calcium carbonate shells
Wooden table
Wood
Comes from a plant that once completed
photosynthesis
Take in carbon dioxide to produce glucose
Plastic chair
Plastic
Derived from petroleum which contains
hydrocarbons – made from hydrogen and carbon
Fabric
Fabric
Plant-based (cotton) – photosynthesis uses carbon
dioxide
Polyester – petroleum products contain
hydrocarbons
Fizzy drinks
Carbonated drinks
Carbon dioxide gas dissolved in the liquid
Water
Water
Carbon dioxide gas dissolved in the liquid
Four most common elements in
living organisms
C
H
O
N
Inorganic or organic?
Organic compounds = contain carbon, have C-H bonds
Inorganic compounds = no carbon, no C-H bonds
Always exceptions…
Carbon dioxide – has carbon but is inorganic (no C-H bond)
Urea – has no C-H bond but is classed as organic
Carbon compounds
Other elements can be added to carbon to make
complex 3D molecules
Carbon can form 4 covalent bonds
Biochemical groupings of carbon
compounds:
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic acids
Work together to carry out reactions within cells
Types of molecules
Molecule
Sub components
Carbohydrates
Monosaccharides
Lipids
Glycerol, fatty acids,
phosphates
Proteins
Amino acids
Nucleic acids
Nucleotides
Carbohydrates
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Arranged in a ring
Lipids
Insoluble in water
Fat if solid at room
temperature
Oil if liquid at room
temperature
Arranged in three
‘prongs’
Contains phosphate
groups
Proteins
Chain of amino
acids (there are
20)
Contain carbon,
hydrogen, oxygen
and nitrogen
Can contain
sulphur
Nucleic acids
Chains of
nucleotides
Carbon, hydrogen,
oxygen, nitrogen,
phosphorus
RNA
DNA
2.1 Molecules to metabolism
Understanding:
- Molecular biology explains living processes in
terms of the chemical substances involved
- Carbon atoms can form four bonds allowing a
diversity of compounds to exist
- Life is based on carbon compounds including
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids
- Metabolism is the web of all the enzyme
catalyzed reactions in a cell or organism
- Anabolism is the synthesis of complex molecules
from simpler molecules including the formation
of macro molecules from monomers by
condensation reactions
- Catabolism is the breakdown of complex
molecules into simpler molecules including the
hydrolysis of macromolecules into monomers.
Applications:
- Urea as an example of a compound that is
produced by living organisms but can also
be artificially synthesized
Nature of science:
- Falsification of theories: the artificial
synthesis of urea helped to falsify vitalism
Skills:
- Drawing molecular diagrams of glucose,
ribose, a saturated fatty acid and a
generalized amino acid.
- Identification of biochemicals such as
carbohydrates, lipids or proteins from
molecular diagrams.
You must be able to identify the
structures!
On your sheets:
- Write the formula
- Draw the structure (fully!)
Identify the molecule
Are the molecules proteins, lipids or carbohydrates?
Identify the molecule
Carbohydrate
(Ribose)
Identify the molecule
Lipid
(Stearic acid)
Identify the molecule
Lipid
(Triglyceride)
Identify the molecule
Amino acid
Identify the molecule
Carbohydrate
(Disaccharide)
Spot the difference
Metabolism
Sum of all enzyme catalysed reactions in an organism
(both intra and extracellular)
A number of pathways – one molecule is
transformed into another in a series of small steps
- Anabolism
- Catabolism
Anabolism
Build up larger molecules from smaller ones
Require energy (ATP)
Form macromolecules from monomers
Catabolism
Larger molecules broken down into smaller ones
Release energy – re-used in the cell
Macromolecules into monomers
Type of
metabolism
Anabolism
Catabolism
What is it?
What happens to
the energy?
Type of
metabolism
Anabolism
What is it?
What happens to
the energy?
Monomers into Energy needed
macromolecules
(small to big)
Catabolism
Macromolecules Energy given off
into monomers and used in cell
(big to small)