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Transcript
ELECTRICITY Electric current – the rate at which charges pass through a given point *Measured in amperes (amps) Two kinds •Direct current (DC) – charges flow in the same direction (ex. a battery) •Alternating current (AC) – charges continually shift from one direction to the reverse direction (ex. The outlets in your home) Conductor – substance that readily conducts electricity; allows electricity to pass through (ex. metal) Insulator – substance that does not readily conduct electricity; does not allow electricity to pass through (ex. plastic) Electric circuit – a complete, closed path through which electric charges flow. *If the path is broken, it is called an open circuit. 3 basic parts of a circuit 1. energy source 2. wires 3. a load (such as a light bulb). Two types of circuits * Series circuit – all parts are connected in a single loop; only one path for charges to flow through. * Parallel circuit – loads are connected side by side; more than one path for charges to flow through. Voltage – the potential difference between two points in a circuit * a measure of how much work is needed to move a charge between two points * the higher the voltage is, the more energy is released per charge Resistors – devices that slow the flow of current in a wire. * measured in in units called ohms Ohms’s Law – the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance in a circuit. * V (voltage), R (resistance, I (current) Ohm’s Law Equations voltage = resistance X current resistance = voltage/current current = voltage/resistance
