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УДК 81
ББК 390 6/8
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE METHODS OF USE OF THE
ENGLISH PREPOSITIONS IN THE KAZAKH LANGUAGE
M.M. Lekerova
Master’s degree
Karaganda State University named after E.A. Buketov, Karaganda city, Kazakhstan
e-mail: [email protected]
(Scientific supervisor is Kakzhanova F.A. ass.professor)
Abstract: The article discusses how to transfer the English prepositions into the Kazakh
language. From a linguistic point of view, it is the Kazakh language belongs to the Turkic group of
languages, and the English language to a group of Indo – European family. It is also clearly
described that the English prepositions are transferred to the Kazakh language by declensional
endings. Due to the fact that the English language has no declensional endings, word order and
prepositions take an important role in the sentence. In this case, they lose their lexical meaning and
are not translated into the Kazakh language. Also there are English prepositions of the place, which
in the Kazakh language are transmitted in separate words. This is the second way of conveying
English prepositions in the Kazakh language. The English nouns in the sentence are constructed
using a different of prepositions.
Keywords: auxiliary words, declensional endings, function words, infinitive turnover, noun,
pronunciation of prepositions.
Introduction
From a linguistic point of view, the Kazakh language belongs to the Turkic group of languages,
and the English language belongs to the Germanic group of languages. However, with grammatical
point of view, the two languages have some similarities and features. Prepositions can be seen
through the declensional endings of the Kazakh language. Prepositions are called function words,
which show the relation of a noun or pronoun to the other words in the sentence. Due to the fact that
no English declensional endings, word order in a sentence and prepositions play a significant role.
Thus, the prepositions are called function words that show a direct relation of a noun, pronoun,
number, gerund to other words in a sentence.
These relationships include: space, time, cause, target and others.
In the Kazakh language, they passed through the declensional endings. In the English language
is not of declension as it occurs in the Kazakh language, also in English, prepositions are only
between words.
Auxiliary words: of, to, with, by, from used to refer to declensional relations.
Who? what? - the; who? whose? – of the; to whom? to what? – to the; where? – to the; with
whom? – by the; who? what? – the; who? from what? – on, in, between, over the etc.; from whom?
from what? from where? – from; with what? – with the.
As well as other function words, prepositions can’t be used independently. Prepositions are not
members of the supply and don’t vary. [1,1 p.]
Many English prepositions are multifunctional, and only in the context of the speech is precise
and definitely different relationships. For example:
He’s brought a letter for you.
Ол хатты сен үшін алып келді.
He’s been here for two weeks.
Ол осында екі апта аралығында жүр.
Did they pay you for the work?
Олар сенің еңбегін үшін ақы төледі
ме?
They went out for a walk.
Олар серуендеуге шықты.
There is a man waiting for you.
Сені бір адам күтіп тұр.
Most English prepositions (simple and compound) are used with no difference of meaning in
both styles of speech – formal and informal. But this is not always so. Some of the prepositions
(usually simple) are preferred in colloquial speech whereas others (most of them compound and
synonymous with the simple) are restricted to formal English.
Preposition of direction: up, down, along.
He walked along the street. (2) He walked up/down the street. Sentence (2) does not necessarily
mean that the street was on a hill. As in the sentence He walked up/down the hill. Informally, the
prepositions up and down are used with practically the same meaning as along. Thus, sentences (1)
and (2) can be treated as having the same meaning. Note. In American English the word downtown
means simply the central or business part of a town: He drove downtown. [2, 220 p.] In Kazakh
language the above sentences are used in such a way: (1) Ол көше бойында серуендеп жүр. (2)
Ол көшеден жоғары/төмен қарай кетті. Note. In Kazakh the word downtown means the central
part of a town and used with two words: Ол қаланың ортасына жол жүріп кетті.
Grammar function of prepositions: of, to, by, with
Some English prepositions perform a purely grammatical function and transfer the same
attitude in conjunction with a noun (or pronoun), but in the Kazakh language these prepositions
transfer with a declensional ending, without prepositions. In this case, they lose their lexical
meaning and individual words are not translated into the Kazakh language. Such pretexts are:
1. Preposition of, which in combination with the noun (or pronoun) corresponds to the Kazakh
Genitive: The roof of the house is painted green. – Үйдің төбесі жасыл түске сырланды. The
theatre is at the end of the street. – Театр көшенің соңында орналасқан.
2. Preposition to, which in combination with the noun (or pronoun) corresponds to the Kazakh
Dative, indicating the person who is drawn to the action: I showed the letter to the director. – Мен
хатты директорға көрсеттім. He explained the rule to the student. – Ол студентке ережені
түсіндірді.
3. Preposition by, which in combination with the noun (or pronoun) corresponds to the Kazakh
instrumental case denoting identities person or active force after the verb in the passive voice: The
letter was signed by the director. – Хатқа директормен қол қойылды.
4. Preposition with, which in combination with the noun (or pronoun) is also consistent with
the Kazakh instrumental, indicating the subject, with which the action is performed: He cut the
paper with a knife. – Ол қағазды пышақпен кесті.
Each preposition is used with the self-lexical meaning (including prepositions of, to, by, with,
when they are not using in the number of grammatical function).
Many excuses have not one but several meanings. For example, preposition in is used to denote
the location with the value in (the question where?): He lives in Moscow. – Ол Мәскеуде тұрады.
They will arrive in May. – Олар мамыр айында келеді. He will return in an hour. – Ол бір
сағаттан кейін келеді. The house was built in three months. – Үйді үш ай ішінде тұрғызды.
In many cases, the use of a different preposition depends solely on previous word – verb, an
adjective or a noun. [3, pp. 310, 311] For example, verb to depend calls behind preposition on: It
doesn’t depend on me. – Ол маған байланысты емес.
Verb to laugh requires behind preposition at: He laughed at her. – Ол оны күлкіге салды.
Adjective sure requires behind preposition of: He was sure of it. – Ол осыған сенімді болды.
Noun objection (as a verb to object) behind preposition to*): I have no objections to that. –
Бұған қатысты/қарсы ешқандай қарсылығым жоқ.
And English prepositions are also transmitted in separate words, as in the Kazakh
language with the help of prepositions of the place:
Ahead – алда
On right – оңға
Behind - артында
On left – солға
Opposite – қарама-қарсы
Up - жоғары
Between - арасында
Down – төмен
Infinitive turnover with a preposition for
Infinitive turnover with a preposition (For-Complex) is a combination of an excuse for + noun
(pronoun) with the infinitive and can serve the sentence in the functions of various members of the:
1) subject
It’s important for a student of History to be well-read in this field. – Тарихшы-студентке осы
салада жақсы оқымысты болуы өте маңызды.
2) addition
The travelers waited for the river to open. – Саяхатшылар өзеннің ашылғанын күтіп
отырды.
3) definition
The best thing for him to do is to leave this place. – Ең дұрысы (істейтін ісі) оған осы
жерден кету керек.
4) Nominal part of the predicate
It is for him to take the final decision. – Соңғы шешімді ол өзі қабылдауы тиіс. [5, 332 p.]
Conclusion
In conclusion, the preposition in the English language is used as a part of speech. English
preposition in Kazakh language corresponds to the auxiliary words. In a sentence, they play an
important role. Comparing foreign language with its own language and given their similarities and
differences, we need to learn both languages both in everyday life and in practice.
References
1. Bekseitova, M.Z. Doklad. Predlogi v anglijskom jazyke. [Report. Prepositions in English] /
M.Z. Bekseitova. http://sc0017.astrahanka.akmoedu.kz , 2014. (Rus)
2. Buzarov, V.V. Uchebnoe posobie dlya studentov vysshyh uchebnyh zavedenij.
Prakticheskaya grammatika razgovornogo anglijskogo jazyka. [Textbook for university
students. Essentials of conversational English Grammar] / V.V. Buzarov. 3 - M.:
Akademija, 2010 – 220 p. (Rus)
3. Kachalova, K.N., Israilovich, E.E. Prakticheskaya grammatika anglijskogo jazyka s
upraghnenijami I kljuchami [Practical English Grammar with exercises and keys] / K.N.
Kachalova, E.E. Israilovich. St.P.: KARO, 2012 – pp. 310-311 (Rus)
4. Bondi, E.A. – Uchebnnik anglijskogo jazyka dlja studentov-istorikov [English textbook for
students of History] / E.A. Bondi. M.: Izdatel’stvo Moskovskogo universiteta, 1977 - 332 p.
(Rus)
СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ СПОСОБОВ УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЯ
АНГЛИЙСКИХ ПРЕДЛОГОВ В КАЗАХСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ
Магистрант
М. М. Лекерова
Карагандинский университет имени Е. А. Букетова, город Караганда, Республика
Казахстан
Найчный руководитель Какжанова Ф.А. асс.профессор
e-mail: [email protected]
Аннотация: В статье рассматриваются способы передачи английских предлогов на
казахский язык. С лингвистической и грамматической точки зрения, казахский язык
относится к тюркоязычной группе языков, а английский язык к германской. Также четко
описано, что английские предлоги передаются в казахском языке через падежные окончания.
В связи с тем, что в английском языке нет падежных окончаний, порядок слов и предлоги
занимают важную роль в предложении. В этом случае они теряют свое лексическое значение
и на казахский язык отдельными словами не переводятся. Также существуют английские
предлоги места, которые в казахском языке передаются отдельными словами. Это является
второй способ передачи английских предлогов в казахском языке. Существительные в
английском языке упротребляются различными предлогами.
Ключевые слова: вспомогательные слова, инфинитивный оборот, падежные окончания,
произношение предлогов, служебные слова, существительное.