Download Life Processes and Adaptations in PLANTS

Life Processes and
Adaptations in
PLANTS
A Booklet Journey
EVOLUTION OF PLANTS
1. What was the earliest ancestor to all of today’s modern
Green algae
plants? _________________
EVOLUTION OF PLANTS
bryophytes (mosses,
2. The first (real) plants were called _______________
hornworts, liverworts). They do not have stems (or specialized
vascular tissue) to transport food and water.
EVOLUTION OF PLANTS
3. What part(s) of the plant have vascular tissue?
Stems and Roots and Leaves
EVOLUTION OF PLANTS
4. The two types of vascular tissues are:
a. Xylem: transports water up the plant
b. Phloem: transports food and water up and down the plant
EVOLUTION OF PLANTS
5. How do bryophytes obtain water and nutrients if they don’t have
stems? ___________________________________________
Absorbing water from the environment by OSMOSIS
EVOLUTION OF PLANTS
6. Which plant domain evolved vascular tissue first?
_____________.
What did this allow plants to do?
FERNS
Grow on land away from water; grow taller
__________________________________________________
EVOLUTION OF PLANTS
SEEDS
7. What trait evolved after vascular tissue? _______________.
Gymnosperms
Which plant domains reproduce using seeds? _______________
& ________________
Angiosperms
EVOLUTION OF PLANTS
CONES
8. Gymnosperms produce seeds protected in __________,
whereas Angiosperms produce seeds protected in
FLOWERS
_______________
& _________________
FRUITS
PLANT CHARACTERISTICS
Common Characteristics of Plant Cells:
1. Eukaryotic
2. Multicellular
3. Autotrophic (Photosynthetic)
4. Aerobic
5. Have cell wall
PLANT CLASSIFICATION
STERNGRR (life processes) in PLANTS
Synthesis:
• Photosynthesis used to make food
• Protein synthesis
Chloroplasts
STERNGRR Processes
Transport:
• Non-vascular plants use osmosis
• Vascular plants have xylem to transport water and phloem to transport food
(in vascular bundle / vein)
FOOD
WATER
STERNGRR Processes
Excretion:
• Tiny openings in the leaf called stomata allow gas exchange; regulated by guard
cells
• Wastes may be stored in leaves that fall off in autumn
STERNGRR Processes
Respiration:
• Use oxygen and sugar to produce ATP for energy
• Equation:
What plant cell
ORGANELLE does this
process occur in?
STERNGRR Processes
Nutrition:
• Sugar produced in photosynthesis is used for cellular respiration or stored for
later use.
• Plants are autotrophs (producers) because they produce their own food
during photosynthesis.
• Equation:
What plant cell ORGANELLE
does this occur in?
STERNGRR Processes
Growth and Development:
• Seeds germinate to start the
process of development into a
new plant
STERNGRR Processes
Growth and Development:
• Hormones: plants produce growth
hormones (proteins)
• Tropisms: growth responses
(movements) to environmental stimuli
STERNGRR Processes
• Tropisms: growth responses
(movements) to environmental stimuli
A. Phototropism: the way a plant
bends or moves in response to
light
B. Gravitropism: the way a plant
bends or moves in response to
gravity
C. Thigmatropism: a plant’s
response to touch
Sex, Bugs, and Pollen’s Role
• A CLOSE READ about Plant Reproduction!
• Highlight important vocabulary terms
• Make comments and connections in the margins
• Ask questions in the margins.
STERNGRR Processes
Reproduction:
• Asexual Reproduction:
• Occurs through the process of
vegetative propagation
STERNGRR Processes
Reproduction:
• Sexual Reproduction:
• Spores:
• Produced by non-vascular (bryophytes)
and seedless vascular (ferns)
STERNGRR Processes
Reproduction:
• Sexual Reproduction:
• Seeds:
• Found in cones in gymnosperms
• Found in fruits that develop from
flowers in angiosperms
What is a seed?
• SEEDS – a fertilized ______
egg becomes
embryo
an ___________________
inside the
ovary
___________
of the flower. As the
seed develops, the ovary ripens to
fruit
form a ___________.
The fruit helps
to disperse (spread) the
seeds
_______________.
air
• Seeds may be dispersed by ______,
water
______________,
or
animals
_______________
(poop).
Seed Structure
FLOWER STRUCTURE
(Angiosperms)
petal
• Angiosperms use ________________
flowers
as reproductive structures.
petals
• The colored ____________
of a
flower or scented/sweet nectar
pollinators
attract ____________________.
• A flower may contain both male and
female parts:
Male part
Female
part
FLOWER STRUCTURE
(Angiosperms)
• The male reproductive structure
is called the stamen.
• The stamen consists of the anther
and the filament.
• The anther produces pollen,
containing sperm.
• The female reproductive
structure is called the pistil or
carpel.
• The pistil consists of the stigma,
the style, and the ovary.
• The stigma is sticky, which helps
collect pollen.
• The ovary holds ovules, containing
eggs.
anther
Stamen
filament
Highlight or Shade the
MALE flower
FEMALE
flowerparts
partsinin
BLUE.
RED/PINK.
FLOWER STRUCTURE
(Angiosperms)
•Shade in the
MALE parts
(labels) blue.
•Shade in the
FEMALE parts
(labels) pink.
REPRODUCTION
POLLINATION - occurs when the
pollen produced by the
_________
anther (male part of the flower)
transferred
is ______________________
to
the stigma (female part of the
flower)
REPRODUCTION
• FERTILIZATION - occurs when a
sperm
___________(in
pollen) meets
egg (in ovary).
the _______
Video: The Reproductive Role of Flowers
STERNGRR Processes
Regulation
• Hormones: regulate and control responses to stimuli.
Control_________________
elongation of stem (growth)
A. AUXINS – control
of ______ (growth)
Control___________
cell division
B. CYTOKINIENS – control
C. ETHYLENE – gas
regulates
________________________
Gasthat
that
regulates
fruit ripening
STERNGRR Processes
Regulation
pores on the underside of
• Stomata (stoma) – small openings (_______)
loss
regulate
leaves that ______________
gas ___________
exchange and water _______
(called transpiration).
Guard cells
CO2
stomate
H2O
chloroplast
O2
ADAPTATIONS IN PLANTS
Plant Adaptations
• Plants have adaptations that help them survive in different
areas
• Adaptation: heritable trait that increases an organism’s
ability to survive and reproduce (increases fitness)
Plant Adaptations - Root
Taproot
Fibrous Roots
Root hairs
Plant Adaptations - Leaf
Cuticle
Surface area
Carnivorous
Protection
Plant Adaptations - Stem
Tuber
Succulent
Tendrils
Runners