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Geology Study Guide (Ch 10 & 11) Things to study: Worksheets, foldable, and notes quizzes THIS STUDY GUIDE! vocabulary below (flashcards are online) make sure you know the following plates (only): o African plate o Eurasian plate o Indo-Australian plate o North American plate o Pacific plate o South American plate o Antarctic plate Vocabulary: Cleavage Compaction Convergent boundary Crust Crystal Deposition Divergent boundary Erosion Extrusive Igneous Fracture Geology Hardness Igneous Inner core Lava Lithosphere Lithification Luster Magma Mantle Metamorphic Metamorphism Moh's hardness scale Outer core Plate boundaries Rock Rock cycle GEOLOGY EXAM IS ________________________________ Review sessions are _______________________________ Flashcards are due ____________________________ Study Guide due ______________________ Sediment Sedimentary Streak Tectonic Plate Texture Transform boundary Weathering Inside Earth Understanding Main Ideas Fill in the blanks in the table below. Layer of Earth 1. Description Outer layer of solid rock surrounding the surface Hot but mostly 2. _______________________ material surrounding the core Hot liquid layer of iron and nickel Mantle 3. 4. Hot, 5. _________________________ layer of iron and nickel 6. What conditions and forces do geologists study? Building Vocabulary Fill in the blank to complete each statement. Geology Geologist Lithosphere seismic waves rock 7. Evidence from earthquake vibrations, called______________________, help geologists infer the structure of Earth’s interior. 8. The material that makes up Earth’s hard outer surface is____________________________. 9. The science of _____________________________is the study of planet Earth. 10. The ___________________________includes the uppermost part of the mantle and the crust. 11 Scientists who study Earth and the processes that shape it are known as _____________________________. Minerals Understanding Main Ideas Answer the following questions. 1. List five characteristics that minerals share. a. _________________________________________________________________________ b. _________________________________________________________________________ c. _________________________________________________________________________ d. _________________________________________________________________________ e. _________________________________________________________________________ 2. Describe two ways in which minerals can form. ___1.________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___2.________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ Building Vocabulary If the statement is true, write true. If it is false, change the underlined word or words to make the statement true. _________________ 3. Formed in the mantle, molten material called lava cools to form minerals below Earth’s surface. _________________ 4. The repeating pattern of atoms in a mineral form a solid known as a fracture. _________________ 5. The color of a mineral’s powder is known as luster. _________________ 6. The density of a mineral is how much mass is contained in a given volume of that mineral. _________________ 7. Minerals that form irregular surfaces when they break apart have a property called cleavage. Directions: Use the chart to answer the questions below 1. Name one mineral that you can scratch with your fingernail. 2. Which mineral can scratch anything? 3. Which object can scratch feldspar but not quartz? 4. Which object can scratch apatite but not feldspar? Rocks and the Rock Cycle Understanding Main Ideas Answer the following questions. 1. Name the three major groups of rocks. __________________________________________________________________________ 2. What type of rock forms when heat and pressure below Earth’s surface changes rock? __________________________________________________________________________ 3. How do sedimentary rocks form? __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 4. What is the rock cycle? __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ Building Vocabulary Match each term with its definition by writing the letter of the correct definition in the right column on the line beside the term in the left column. ________ 5. intrusive rock a. solid material made up of one or more minerals ________ 6. deposition b. one of the particles that make up a rock ________ 7. grain c. forms when magma cools and hardens ________ 8. rock d. size, shape, and arrangement of grains ________ 9. texture e. forms when lava cools and hardens ________ 10. extrusive rock f. process that moves sediment from place to place ________ 11. sediment g. process in which sediment is laid down ________ 12. erosion h. rock particles or material from living things Write the letter or letters in the appropriate circle of the diagram below. a. Cementation and compaction (lithification) b. Heat and Pressure c. Weathering, transportation, deposition d. Cooling and solidification e. Melting Plate Tectonics 1. Label the 7 major plates 2. Divergent Boundary Definition: What is creates/causes: Location: 3. Convergent Boundary Definition: What is creates/causes: Location: 4. Tansform/Transverse Boundary Definition: What is creates/causes: Location: