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CHAPTER 3
Gender-Role Attitudes
KEY TERMS
Backlash effect
Benevolent discrimination
Benevolent sexism
Category-based expectancies
Correspondent inference theory
Egalitarian gender ideology
Gender ideologies
Gender-role stereotypes
Gender system justification
Homophobia
Hostile sexism
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Sexism
Shifting standard
Target-based expectancies
Traditional gender ideology
Transitional gender ideology
Transphobia
Backlash effect—The penalty that is imposed on people for counterstereotypical behavior.
Benevolent discrimination—Providing more help to women than men with the notion that
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women are less competent than men and are in need of men’s help.
Benevolent sexism—Positive feelings toward women coupled with the notion that women are
less competent than men and are in need of men’s help.
Category-based expectancies—Assumptions about individuals based on characteristics of
general categories to which they belong.
Correspondent inference theory—Idea that people are more likely to make dispositional
attributions for behavior that is unique or extreme rather than normative.
Egalitarian gender ideology—Maintains that power is distributed equally between men and
women and that men and women identify equally with the same spheres.
Gender ideologies—Attitudes toward men’s and women’s roles.
Gender-role stereotypes—Features that individuals assign to men and women in their society;
features not assigned due to one’s biological sex, but due to the social roles men and women
hold.
Gender system justification—Belief that traditional female and male roles are just and fair and
that the status quo should be preserved.
Homophobia—A negative attitude toward homosexuals.
Hostile sexism—Feelings of hostility toward women reflected by negative assumptions about
women.
Self-fulfilling prophecy—Situation in which expectations influence behavior toward someone
so that the person behaves in a way to confirm our expectations.
Sexism—Attitude toward people based on their sex alone.
Shifting standard—Idea that there is one standard for defining the behavior of one group but
another standard for defining the behavior of another group.
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Target-based expectancies—Perceptions of a person based on individual information about that
person.
Traditional gender ideology—Maintains that men’s sphere is work and women’s sphere is
home.
Transitional gender ideology—Maintains that it is acceptable for women and men to identify
with the same spheres, but women should devote proportionately more time to matters at home
and men should devote proportionately more time to work.
Transphobia—Negative attitude toward transgender people.
© 2017 Taylor & Francis