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Chandler Murphy
Humanities- Ancient Greece The Greeks: Crucible of Civilization Notes
Date
People
Law
Empire
Ancient Greece
Athens
Clystenes
BC-
508
BCClystenes made
Greece change
from oligarchy
to democracy
570
Themesticles:
had fought when
Persians
first
invaded
in
Marathon Bay—
revolutionized
war by using
trireme
(war
ship)
At
Clystenes’
time
Sparta
ruled southern
Peloponnesus
4/30/2017
Mr. Baskin 6-C
Government
Other
Had countless
tiny
nations
called
citystateseach
significant
Man
named People wanted
Pythagoras also to
govern
thought it was themselves
his right to have
power—he
needed
army
forces
from
outside Athens
to help—turned
to Spartans-- he
failed to conquer
any lands
Athens started In
510
BC
to gain power, Clystenes
was
so
Persian one of most
Empire invaded powerful figures
and
Persian in
Athens—
Wars started— gained power
6,000 Persians
dead
Persian Empire In
508
BC
wanted
to ordinary people
conquer Athens demanded
freedom from
rulers—
democracy was
created
Athenians won In democracy in
the war and kept Athens citizen
their land
assembly would
vote on issues
every
nine
days—black
pebble:
no—
white
pebble:
yes
Clystenes used
to be a ruler
before 508 BC
Reading
and
writing luxury in
Athens and life
expectancy
at
birth was low
Athens originally
under rule of
Aristocrats
Sparta had great
military power
Spartans were
always a threat
to other Greeks
Tool of war to
defeat enemies
and gain empire:
trireme,
triremes
are
expensive,
so
Themesticles
wanted to use
the money out
of the silver
Athenians found
to build some
for force against
Athens: mostly
Sparta
Money
used
from silver to
build
200
triremes
to
defend and gain
empire
Persian
king,
Darius died in
486 BC and son,
Zexes
took
power and said
“On my father’s
behalf, and on
the behalf of all
my subjects I will
not rest, until I
have
taken
Athens
and
burnt it to the
ground”
Zexes gathered
troops
from
every corner of
his empire to
claim Athens in
Persian Empire
Once a year
each
citizen
could
scratch
the name of an
individual onto a
shard of pottery,
known
as
ostrican, person
that came up
most in pot was
banished from
Athens
Ancient Greek
stories
and
myths inspired
Clystenes
Athenians
banished
Themistocles,
man who lead
Athens
to
Persian
War
victory.
Clystenes
wanted
to
overthrow
tyrant that ruled
Athens- Hippias:
Hippias
was
trapped in his
own stronghold,
captured
and
banished from
Athens
After
Olympics started
Themistocles,
in Greece—big
Athens got new thing to win
leader
named Olympics
Pericles
Pericles formed
the idea of a
Parthenon,
building on top
of Acropolis for
government
Athens
had
turned from a
rural village to
an international
economic power
because of trade
Strategy
for
Themesticles to
win war was to
fight on narrow
body of water
with fleet of
triremes.
Greeks
won
Persian War for
a second time,
kept Athens
Themesticles
was done, had
convinced
Athenians
to
build
navy,
therefore won
Persian War.
After
Persian
War was won,
and
Persian
Empire
was
defeated
the
Athenians could
build empire of
their own
Athenians
formed Delian
League, alliance
of city-s. to keep
Persians
from
conquering
Greece, Delian
League
had
became Athens’
empire
Treasury
of
Delian League
located on island
of Delius in a
mountain side
By 450 BC Delian
League had 200
member
citystates: Athens
the leader of this
league
In
431
BC
Pericles wants to
go to war with
Sparta, so they
did, seeking to
conquer Sparta
Pericles wants
people to go
behind city walls
for safety.
Sparta invaded
Athens
and
burnt
all
farmland around
the city
Plague
struck
Athens from the
grain: killed 1/3
of pop. And
Pericles in 429
BC
Neither side won
the
Peloponnesian
War
Athens
was
defeated, didn’t
gain empire
Persians wanted
revenge when
they saw Athens
was weak
In 404 BC Athens
surrendered to
Spartan
commander
Lysander
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