Download Imperialism

Imperialism
Words to Know:
 Imperialism:
Foreign policy when a stronger nation takes over a weaker
nation or region and dominates its economic, political, or
cultural life
 Colonialism :
The policy of maintaining colonies as a source of raw
materials and new markets. Practiced during old and new
imperialism.
 Raw Materials:
Various materials found in nature used in manufacturing
such as wood, coal, and oil.
 Culture:
The shared beliefs, customs, practices, and social behavior of
a particular nation or people
Words to Know:
 Nationalism: pride and devotion to one’s country
 Nationalist take pride in nation, culture, history and
government
 Feel that their country is the best!
When??
Old Imperialism 1500-1600s
 Europe starts expanding to Asia, Africa and the
Americas
 Great Britain takes over N. America and Spain takes
over S. America
When??
New Imperialism 1800s
 19th Century
 Industrial Revolution
 Create Empires
 Increase Nationalism
How?
What?
 Imperialism is a foreign
 Only Industrialized
policy
 How a country deals

with other countries

 Countries created
empires by building
colonies


Countries
Ships and Guns
Technology
Navy
Army
Who??
Ten Imperialist Powers
 Great Britain, Germany, France, Italy, Japan, Netherlands,
Russia, Spain, Portugal, and the United States
Only two
countries
were left!!
Ethiopia and
Liberia!!
Motives of Imperialism/ Causes
Economic •Motive is $!!
•Raw Materials
•Imports and Exports
Political
•World Power!! Competition
•Protect Investments
•Establish own Gov.
Military
•Strategic Locations! Strength
and Security (gas stations)
Cultural
•Superiority
•“Duty to Help”
Religious •Missionaries
•Moral Issues
Imperialism: The Scramble for
Africa
 Industrialism and
Imperialism
The Industrial
Revolution created a
desire for natural
resources.
2. Many of these resources
were not available in
Europe.
3. Since much of the
American colonies
became independent,
European powers looked
to Africa and Asia for
new colonies.
1.
Imperialism: The Scramble for Africa
Europeans ruled their colonies
with total authority, and they
were not afraid to use force.
2. Indigenous people were used as
slaves in the extraction of
natural resources.
3. Europeans used the concept of
Social Darwinism to justify this.
4. Social Darwinism: The belief
that people and societies evolve
like nature. The most
technologically advanced
cultures are believed to be
superior to others. Leads to
racism.
1.
 Social Darwinism
Herbert Spencer: The
Founder of Social Darwinism
Imperialism: The Scramble for Africa
 Paternalism
Social Darwinism
inspired the concept of
Paternalism.
2. Paternalism stated that
the societies of Asia
and Africa could not
run their own
governments and need
Europeans to take care
of them.
3. Paternalism= Parents
1.
Imperialism: The Scramble for Africa
 Assimilation- Along with Paternalism came the
concept of Assimilation. This stated that Indigenous
peoples would assimilate into European culture.
Imperialism: The Scramble for
Africa
 The Berlin Conference
By the middle of the
1800’s, it seemed clear
that European powers
were going to war over
colonies in Africa.
2. In order to avoid this, the
leaders agreed to meet in
Berlin to cut up “the
African Cake.”
3. In 1884 and 1885 Europe
divided up Africa.
1.
Imperialism: The Scramble for
Africa
 The African Cake
Imperialism: The Scramble for
Africa
 The Division of Africa by the Berlin Conference
Imperialism: The Scramble for
Africa
 The Europeans Extracted Wealth from Africa
Imperialism: Ethnic Warfare and
Poverty
Imperialism: Ethnic Warfare and
Poverty
 Apartheid in South Africa
 Mandela and F.W. de Klerk
 United Streaming Clip Mandela

Imperialism: British Imperialism in India
 Starting in the 1600s the British began to dominate
India. By the 1800’s, it ruled it through the British East
India Company.
Imperialism: British Imperialism in
India
 Indian Servitude
Imperialism: British Imperialism in
India
 Even in the face of famine the British still pushed cash
crop production.
Imperialism: British Imperialism in India
 A Sepoy Soldier- Indians were used as soldiers by the
British
Gandhi
 United Streaming
Mao Zedong
 “Political power
grows out of the
barrel of a gun”
Gandhi
 “Victory attained
by violence is a
tantamount to a
defeat, for it is
momentary”
Imperialism: Southeast Asia is
Divided
 Map showing the Division of Southeast Asia
Imperialism: China Resists
Imperialism
 The Qing Dynasty Resists
the British
The Qing did not want
Western influence in
China.
2. However, Westerners
(especially the British)
wanted Chinese goods
(i.e. tea).
3. The Chinese forced
Westerners to trade
through Guangzhou
(Canton) in exchange for
precious metals.
1.
Imperialism: China Resists
Imperialism
 The British solution was to introduce opium as a trade
item. As the Chinese population became addicted to
the drug demand skyrocketed.
 “By what right do they [British merchants]… use the
poisonous drug to injure the Chinese people?... I have
heard that the smoking of opium is very strictly
forbidden by your country; that is because the harm
caused by opium is clearly understood. Since it is not
permitted to do harm to your country, then even less
should you let is be passed on to the harm of the other
countries.” Emperor Lin Zexu
Imperialism: China Resists
Imperialism
 The Opium War
War broke out in 1839
between the Qing and
the British.
2. It became known as the
Opium War because the
Qing wanted to end the
trade of Opium.
3. Industrialized Great
Britain won easily and
gained full trade access
to China.
1.
Imperialism: China Resists
Imperialism
 The Taiping Rebellion
In the 1850s, China
experienced the
bloodiest civil war in
human history.
2. Hong Xiuquan began a
Christian religious sect
known as the Taiping.
3. He led a revolt against
the Qing.
4. The war would
eventually cost 20
million lives.
1.
Imperialism: China Resists
Imperialism
 The Qing were forced to turn to the West to aid them
in defeating the Taiping. They used Western weapons.
This only gave Western countries more access to
China.
Sphere of Influence
Open Door Policy
 Area in which foreign nation
 U.S. declared China to be
controlled trade and
investment
open to merchants of all
nations
Imperialism: China Resists
Imperialism
 The Society of the Righteous and Harmonious Fists- A
group in China which sought to push foreigners and
their influence out of China. Westerners called them
Boxers.
Imperialism: China Resist
Imperialism
 The Boxer Rebellion
In 1900, the Boxers
surrounded the foreign
section of Beijing and
laid siege to it.
2. Western armies
responded by invading
China and putting
down the Boxers.
3. The war became
known as the Boxer
Rebellion.
1.
Imperialism: Japan
 Although Japan had a “Closed Country Policy,” the
United States Navy forced it to open up trade in 1853.
U.S. Commodore
Matthew Perry
Imperialism: Japan
 The Meiji Restoration
Soon after, Emperor
Mutsuhito wrestled
control away from the
Tokugawa Shogunate.
2. He started the Meiji
Period.
3. The Meiji sought to
modernize Japan on
the Western model in
order to resist the
West.
1.
Imperialism: Japan
 Meiji Modernization
Imperialism: Japan
 Sino-Japanese and Russo
Japanese Wars
Compare and Contrast China and Japan
China
Japan
Forms of Imperialism
Form
Definition
Example
Colony
Country or territory
governed internally by a
foreign power
13 original US colonies
Protectorate
Country of territory with
Puerto Rico
its own internal
government but under the
control of an outside power
Sphere of Influence
Area in which an outside
power claims exclusive
investment or trading
privileges
China
Economic Imperialism
Independent but lessdeveloped country
controlled by private
business interest
Dole Fruit Company
controlled Hawaii
Imperial Management Methods
Indirect Control
Direct Control
•Local Government officials
•Limited Self-Rule
•Goal was to develop future leaders
•Government institutions are based on
European styles but many have local
rule
•Foreign officials brought in to rule
•No self-rule
•Goal was assimilation
•Government institutions are based
only on European styles
Examples:
•British colonies such as Nigeria, India,
Burma
Examples:
•French Colonies such as Somaliland or
Vietnam
•German colonies
•Portuguese colonies
•US Colonies in the Pacific