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World War I and The 1920s
Imperialism
Imperialism
• Imperialism is a policy by which one
country takes control of another land or
country.
• Imperialists believed the United Stats
should acquire overseas colonies to
maintain a strong economy.
Imperialism and the United States
• 1850s- Business leaders from the United States
invested in sugar plantations in the Hawaiian
Islands
• 1893- The wealthy white plantation owners
rebelled against Queen Liliuokalani, who
opposed the increasing control of the owners.
• 1890s- On February 15,1898, the U.S.S. Maine
exploded while anchored in a Cuban harbor.
Spain was blamed and the U.S. declared war.
• 1904- President Roosevelt stated the new
foreign policy of the U.S. called the Roosevelt
Corollary.
Long-Term Causes of World War I
• Nationalism- Belief in national unity and racial
supremacy.
• Imperialism- European nations searched for
colonies during the 19th century because they
produced more goods than they needed.
• Military Expansion-Europeans maintained large
standing armies in peace time in case of war.
• Alliances- Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy
formed the Triple Alliance. Great Britain, France,
Russia and later the United States formed the
Triple Entente or Allies.
Start of World War I
• On June 28, 1914, Archduke Francis
Ferdinand was visiting Bosnia.
• Serbian Nationalists shot the Archduke
and his wife. This event started WWI.
Battle Tactics and New Innovations
• Both sides primarily used trench warfare.
• A no man’s land lay between the opposing
trenches.
• When each side introduced machine guns
and poison gas, the war turned especially
deadly.
• Another important development in the war
was the airplane.
Causes of United States
Involvement in WWI.
• The people of the United States did not
want to go to war. Officially the U.S. was
neutral.
• The U.S. sold military goods to the Triple
Entente.
• In 1917, Germany began sinking United
States merchant ships in the Atlantic.
• This was seen as a reason for immediate
war.
United States Involvement in WWI.
• By the time the U.S sent troops the
Europe to fight on the western front, the
war on the eastern front had ended.
• The Russians signed a treaty with
Germany after the Russian Revolution.
Costs of the war.
• The combined costs to all nations fighting
in the war was 186 billion dollars.
• Over 20 million soldiers were casualties of
the war.
• An additional 10 million civilians died.
Consequences of the War.
• In the event of future war all men in the
U.S. between the ages of 21 and 30 were
required by law to register for the draft.
• In the treaty of Versailles(1919) the
Germans reluctantly agreed that the war
was entirely their fault.
• When Adolf Hitler rose to power he used
this bitterness to reclaim the achievements
of Germany’s past.
The Roaring Twenties.
• F. Scott Fitzgerald wrote The Great
Gatsby.
• Ernest Hemingway was regarded as one
of the most influential writers of the
twentieth century.
• During the red scare the government
arrested thousand of radicals.
Prohibition
• 18th amendment outlawed the sale of
alcohol.
• This created speakeasies and
bootleggers.