Download Origin and Age of the Universe

Name: _______________________
Topic 3: Earth in the Universe (p.33)
Origin and Age of the Universe
1. Define a celestial object:
2. What do the majority of scientists believe was the origin of our Universe?
3. Approximately when did the Big Bang occur?
4. What is some recent evidence that supports the Big Bang Theory?
5. What can scientists infer by studying the spectrum of electromagnetic
energy coming from stars and other celestial objects?
6. What does a Doppler Red Shift indicate?
7. The collective light from the stars in all galaxies, except for a few galaxies
close to Earth is shifted to the ________ end of the spectrum.
8. The fact that almost all galaxies exhibit a red shift indicates
_________________
9. The farther away a galaxy is the faster it is moving away. This is Hubble’s
Law.
Answer questions 1 – 6 on p. 35
Structure of the Universe:
10. Define Galaxy:
11. How are Galaxies classified?
12. Where does the energy produced by stars come from?
13. What is the luminosity of a star?
Learn how to read the “Luminosity and Temperature of Stars” chart on p.15
of the ESRT’s.
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Name: _______________________
Topic 3: Earth in the Universe (p.33)
14. Compare the temperature of Red stars to the temperature of Blue stars.
15. What happens once nuclear fusion occurs and large amounts of
electromagnetic energy are radiated from an object?
Study figure 3-5.
16. In what stage does a star spend most of its life?
17. What determines whether or not a Red Giant star becomes a Supernova or
a White dwarf?
Answer questions 7 – 23 on pp.38 & 39.
Solar System
18. How does your review book define our Solar system?
19. Near the bottom of p.39 a correction in the text must be made. What is it?
20. List two differences between Asteroids and Planets.
21. Define Moon:
22. What is a meteorite?
Evolution of the Solar System
23. How old is our Solar system?
Read the caption below figure 3-6.
24. When were most of the impact craters on the surface of the moon, mars
and other rocky planets formed?
25. Where did the heat of the Earth’s interior come from?
Answer questions 24 – 29 on p.41.
Planet Characteristics
26. How could the Sun have caused the differences between the inner and
outer planets?
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Name: _______________________
Topic 3: Earth in the Universe (p.33)
27. Which planets are the terrestrial planets?
28. Which planets are the Jovian planets?
Motions of the Planets
29. Define rotation:
30. Use the “Solar System Data” chart on p.15 of the ESRT to find out how
long a day is on Jupiter.
31. Define revolution:
32. What is the actual shape of the planets orbit around the Sun?
33. Define eccentricity:
34. What is the equation to calculate the eccentricity of an orbit?
35. Compare the eccentricity of Earth’s orbit to Venus’ orbit.
(use p.15 ESRT)
36. When is the Earth closest to the Sun? This is called Perihelion.
37. When is the Earth farthest from the Sun? This is called Aphelion.
38. Define inertia:
39. ______________________ is the attractive force that exists between any two
objects in the Universe. The gravitational force is proportional to the
square of the distance between their centers.
40. Why do astronauts weigh less on the moon than they do on Earth?
41. Why do the velocities of the planets in orbit around the Sun vary?
42. When would the Earth have its greatest orbital velocity?
Think back to questions
37 & 38.
Answer questions 30 – 50 on pp.44 through 46.
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