Download Cells of the human body

CELLS OF THE HUMAN BODY
Megan Sullivan
EPITHELIAL
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Simple Squamous Epithelium
Single layer of thin, flat cells that line
body surfaces
One side opens to environment, other is
anchored to underlying cells
Providing thin membrane, allowing for
the passage of thin molecules into the
body
Location: blood vessels, lungs, kidneys
EPITHELIAL
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
• Hexagonal shapes with nucleus at
center
• Single layer of cells
• Provide a layer of protection to
the underlying tissue
• Can be found in kidney tubules,
ovaries, and respiratory bronchiole
EPITHELIAL
Simple Columnar Epithelium
• Cells are longer than wider; nucleus at base of cell. Cells connected by
tight junctions. Cells function as protection
• Many locations-can be found in digestive tract, female reproductive
system, and respiratory system
EPITHELIAL
Stratified Squamous Epithelium
• Flat, scale-like, and can be multilayered
• Found in the lining of the esophagus
• Provides protection against
mechanical friction and chemical
damage
EPITHELIAL
Pseudostratified Epithelium
• Single layer of cells
• Cells are tall and thin
• Most prevalent in respiratory
tract as ciliated types
• Function in secretion or
adsorption
MUSCLE
Heart
• Complex interaction of individual cells
that give the heart its ability to pump
blood
• Myocytes form interconnected sheets of
cells that beat in unison, and gap
junctions ensure that the connected cells
work as one
MUSCLE
Skeletal
• Skeletal cells are located throughout the
body
• Found within the bone tissue
• They function to carry out movements
of the body, support the body, provide
heat regulation for the body, and
maintain posture and muscle tone of the
body
MUSCLE
Smooth
• Spindle shape, and are usually lined up alongside each other and are
connected through gap junctions
• Found within the walls of blood vessels
• Located in many different organs, where they carry out different functions.
These functions include emptying the bladder, control of blood vessel
tone, etc.
CONNECTIVE TISSUE
Loose Connective
• Mass of widely scattered cells whose
matrix is a loose weave of fibers.
• Found beneath the skin and between
organs
• Main function is to provide support to
hold other tissues and organs in place
CONNECTIVE TISSUE
Dense Connective
• Often called collagen
• Has a matric of densely packed collagen
fibers
• Two types of collagen: regular and
irregular.
• Provides for strong covering of tissue
CONNECTIVE TISSUE
Elastic Connective
• Parallel fibers
• Allows recoil of tissue following
stretching
• Fibers provide elasticity to tissues
• Location: bronchial tubes, walls
of large arteries
CONNECTIVE TISSUE
Reticular Connective
• Its fibers are not parallel
• The reticular fibers form a network in
spleen, lymph nodes, and liver
• Gives support to soft organs
CONNECTIVE TISSUE
Adipose
• Cells appear empty. Nucleus is
pushed to the side of the cell
• Cells are filled with fat globules
• Adipose tissue cushions the
kidney and eye
CONNECTIVE TISSUE
Cartilage
• Consists of dense matrix of
collagen fibers and elastic fibers
embedded in a rubbery ground
substance
• Cartilage acts as a cushion
between joints to prevent the
bones from rubbing against each
other
• It reduces friction in the joint
with movement, and it may hold
some bones together
• Found throughout the body
CONNECTIVE TISSUE
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Bone
• Osseos tissue
• The hard outer layer of the bone
Provides support to the body and protects the organs
CONNECTIVE TISSUE
Red Blood and White Blood Cells
• Red blood cells (erythrocytes) are the
most abundant cell type
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Do not have a nucleus
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The sides of the cell’s surface curve inward
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Contain hemoglobin molecules, transporting
oxygen throughout the body
• White blood cells (leukocytes) play a
role in the immune system and
lymphatic system
•
Less abundant than red blood cells
NEURAL TISSUE
Brain Tissue
• There are different types of it
• Functions include structural
support, metabolic support,
insulation, and development
• Maintain homeostasis
• Located throughout the brain
NEURAL TISSUE
Neuron
• Elastic ells in nervous
system that function to
process and transmit
information
• Core components of the
brain, spinal cord, and
peripheral nerves
• Composed of a cell body,
dendritic tree, and axon
REPRODUCTIVE TISSUE
Spermatogonium
• Spermatogenesis= process by which
spermatozoa are produced from the male
primordial germ cells through mitosis and
meiosis
• The initial cells in this pathway are called
spermatogonia
• Originate in a seminiferous tubule
• Undifferentiated malel germ sperm cell
• Yield primary spermatocytes through mitosis
REPRODUCTIVE TISSUE
Developing Follicle
• Part of female reproductive
cycle
• Follicle develops into corpus
lueteum during the luteal phase
of the menstrual cycle
• Found in ovary