Download MED 266: Pharmacology Chapter 20 Worksheet Key

MED 266: Pharmacology
Chapter 20 Worksheet Key
Complete the following statements.
1. ______________________ analgesics, also known as mild analgesics, relieve mild to
moderate pain without altering consciousness or metal function.
2. Three pharmacological effects (analgesia, antipyresis, and _________________________________) are
known as the “three As,” of nonopioids.
3. The inflammatory process is a _____________________ response to injury.
4. The cardinal ________________ of inflammation: redness, swelling (edema), warmth, pain, and loss of
function.
5. Inflammation is usually considered the first step in the process of _________________.
6. If the inflammatory process becomes exaggerated or prolonged, which results in further tissue damage.
Inflammation itself becomes a disease process and requires treatment with ________________________
drugs, which interrupt the inflammatory response.
7. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs are approved for the relief of mild to moderate pain where
_______________ are not indicated or warranted.
8. Pain arising from _____________ inflammatory response includes headache, dental extraction, soft tissue
injury, sunburn, musculoskeletal, and joint overexertion and strain.
9. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs may be used for __________ periods (up to ____ days) for the relief
of acute inflammation.
10. For the treatment of osteoarthritis, spondylitis (inflammation of the vertebrae), and gout, _____________
can be the drug of choice.
11. Nonopioid analgesics differ from opioid analgesics in four ways. First, these analgesics are not chemically or
structurally related to ______________. Second, they are not effective against severe, sharp
(_______________) pain. Third, they produce analgesia through both a ________________ (central
nervous system [CNS]) and a _______________(site of injury) mechanism of action. Fourth, they do not
produce __________________ or physical ________________________ with chronic use.
12. Nonopioid drugs are also known as _________________________________________________________.
13. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the ___________________ class of nonopioid
analgesics.
14. A group of NSAIDs known as, ______________________, especially aspirin, are used in mild to moderate
pain.
15. Aspirin is the cornerstone in treatment and prevention of ___________________________________
disease.
16. Acetaminophen produces adequate analgesia for the relief of a minor headache and antipyresis but has no
proven _____________________________________ activity.
17. ___________________________________ is approved to reduce fever, headache, minor musculoskeletal
pain, and discomfort associated with the common cold and flu.
18. Toxicity may develop from chronic use of large doses of acetaminophen, as well as, acute
__________________ from a single episode of ingestion of a large dose.
19. Treatment for acetaminophen poisoning includes __________________ ________________________ and
___________________ , as well as, maintenance of fluid balance through conventional measures
20. Acetaminophen is used in more _______________________ products than any other drug in doses from
160 to 500 mg per dose.
21. For patients taking _________________________, acetaminophen should be taken at the lowest effective
dose for short-term therapy only.
22. NSAIDs are available primarily for _________________ administration
23. NSAIDs cause an _______________________ risk of serious gastrointestinal adverse reactions, including
bleeding, ulceration, and perforation of the stomach or intestines, which can be fatal.
24. Gout is a special inflammatory disease. People who suffer from gout may overproduce ________ ________
or may not excrete it efficiently. The clinical management of gout, even with diet adjustment, is a life-long
process. For the treatment of acute gout attacks, relief of pain, and interruption of the inflammatory
process, ______________ and specific NSAIDs (indomethacin, ___________________) and sodium
thiosalicylate are indicated.
25. Nonopioid analgesics and antiinflammatory drugs undergo a variety of drug ______________________,
therefore medications must be reviewed carefully prior to dose administration.
26. For the relief of fever, headaches, pains, and inflammation of any nature, including arthritis, and
prophylaxis for prevention of heart attack or stroke, ___________________ is still the drug of choice.