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MED 266: Pharmacology Chapter 20 Worksheet Key Complete the following statements. 1. ______________________ analgesics, also known as mild analgesics, relieve mild to moderate pain without altering consciousness or metal function. 2. Three pharmacological effects (analgesia, antipyresis, and _________________________________) are known as the “three As,” of nonopioids. 3. The inflammatory process is a _____________________ response to injury. 4. The cardinal ________________ of inflammation: redness, swelling (edema), warmth, pain, and loss of function. 5. Inflammation is usually considered the first step in the process of _________________. 6. If the inflammatory process becomes exaggerated or prolonged, which results in further tissue damage. Inflammation itself becomes a disease process and requires treatment with ________________________ drugs, which interrupt the inflammatory response. 7. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs are approved for the relief of mild to moderate pain where _______________ are not indicated or warranted. 8. Pain arising from _____________ inflammatory response includes headache, dental extraction, soft tissue injury, sunburn, musculoskeletal, and joint overexertion and strain. 9. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs may be used for __________ periods (up to ____ days) for the relief of acute inflammation. 10. For the treatment of osteoarthritis, spondylitis (inflammation of the vertebrae), and gout, _____________ can be the drug of choice. 11. Nonopioid analgesics differ from opioid analgesics in four ways. First, these analgesics are not chemically or structurally related to ______________. Second, they are not effective against severe, sharp (_______________) pain. Third, they produce analgesia through both a ________________ (central nervous system [CNS]) and a _______________(site of injury) mechanism of action. Fourth, they do not produce __________________ or physical ________________________ with chronic use. 12. Nonopioid drugs are also known as _________________________________________________________. 13. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the ___________________ class of nonopioid analgesics. 14. A group of NSAIDs known as, ______________________, especially aspirin, are used in mild to moderate pain. 15. Aspirin is the cornerstone in treatment and prevention of ___________________________________ disease. 16. Acetaminophen produces adequate analgesia for the relief of a minor headache and antipyresis but has no proven _____________________________________ activity. 17. ___________________________________ is approved to reduce fever, headache, minor musculoskeletal pain, and discomfort associated with the common cold and flu. 18. Toxicity may develop from chronic use of large doses of acetaminophen, as well as, acute __________________ from a single episode of ingestion of a large dose. 19. Treatment for acetaminophen poisoning includes __________________ ________________________ and ___________________ , as well as, maintenance of fluid balance through conventional measures 20. Acetaminophen is used in more _______________________ products than any other drug in doses from 160 to 500 mg per dose. 21. For patients taking _________________________, acetaminophen should be taken at the lowest effective dose for short-term therapy only. 22. NSAIDs are available primarily for _________________ administration 23. NSAIDs cause an _______________________ risk of serious gastrointestinal adverse reactions, including bleeding, ulceration, and perforation of the stomach or intestines, which can be fatal. 24. Gout is a special inflammatory disease. People who suffer from gout may overproduce ________ ________ or may not excrete it efficiently. The clinical management of gout, even with diet adjustment, is a life-long process. For the treatment of acute gout attacks, relief of pain, and interruption of the inflammatory process, ______________ and specific NSAIDs (indomethacin, ___________________) and sodium thiosalicylate are indicated. 25. Nonopioid analgesics and antiinflammatory drugs undergo a variety of drug ______________________, therefore medications must be reviewed carefully prior to dose administration. 26. For the relief of fever, headaches, pains, and inflammation of any nature, including arthritis, and prophylaxis for prevention of heart attack or stroke, ___________________ is still the drug of choice.