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Transcript
The immune system Your bodies cavalry Your defense system • Made of: – Skin – Mucus – Bone marrow – Special blood cells – Lymphoid organs • Lymph nodes • Spleen • Thymus Skin Mucus • 1st barrier against foreign invaders • Invaders can only get in through breaks in the skin • Protects natural breaks in the skin • Sticky and traps invaders • Allows your body to safely get rid of invaders – Natural breaks – Accidental breaks Blood and bone Bone marrow • Blood cells are made in the bone marrow Blood • Immune cells called leukocytes • 2 types and 3 subtypes – Lymphocytes: tags invaders • B cells • T cells • Natural Killer cells – Phagocytes: engulfs and digests invaders Lymphoid organs • Lymph nodes: filters blood for invaders and stores leukocytes • Spleen: also filters blood • Thymus: stores immature leukocytes Identifying enemies • Skin and mucus keep everything out • The blood cells are selective • Your body must first identify invaders, learn how to kill them, then actually kill them Invading the human body • It is very difficult to get into the body • 1st line of defense: Skin and mucus keep stuff out • 2nd line of defense: body removes irritants through coughing, sneezing, or crying • 3rd line of defense: the body is very inhospitable for invaders – Strong acids in the stomach and vagina If invasion is successful • If bacteria gets into the body… • Genetic markers identify foreign cells as “not you” • Something must be done! • If invaders have entered through a break or damage in the skin – inflammation response and localized fever Inflammation response • • • • Blood flow to the area is increased This brings extra leukocytes The phagocytes seek out foreign cells and eat them Blood also brings platelets which block access to the body and extra nutrients which help your damaged cells repair themselves • Digested invaders are carried through the blood stream to be filtered out and released in urine If invasion is successful • Fever – Body temperature will be raised where there is infection – Heat kills some types of invaders – Heat slows reproduction of other invaders – Heat can be caused by extra blood in the area
