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Alexander and the Greeks Overview League of Corinth 338 - 336 BC Destruction of Thebes 336 BC Athens and the Athenian prisoners 334 - 331 BC Sparta and King Agis’ revolt 333 - 331 BC Exiles’ Decree 324 BC Background problems Relationship was ‘servant - master’ - Philip had beaten the Greeks at Chaeronea Greek city states all different and required different handling by A. Greeks disliked Macedonia A. was overseas most of the time without direct control over Greek cities Some cities conspired against A. with Persia once he was in the East Exiled Greeks often fought as mercenaries against A. Why bother with the Greeks? STRATEGY: a) stop Macedonia being attacked while his back was turned b) he needed their help with troops and ships PERSONAL: A. admired Greek culture (esp. Athens); his conquests spread Gk culture Love - hate relationship: he admired them but couldn’t abide their disloyalty League of Corinth Treaty of Corinth after Chaeronea 338 BC Signed at Corinth by all Greek States EXCEPT Sparta who could still resist Macedonia; all the others had no choice Philip changed the Governments in each state Ref: Hamilton pp 36-37 Study Materials pp 8-10 1. What did he do to Thebes and Athens? 2. Why was the treatment different? 3. Questions 26 and 27 worksheet (homework), Ref: Study Materials pp8-9 Homework answers Question 26 Philip had been made hegemon of the League and commander-in-chief of all the Greek forces; Alexander did not automatically receive these honours BUT when he came to the Peloponnese and met the assembled Greeks Sparta refused (again) to acknowledge Macedonian leadership and Athens wanted to ignore him but were too scared, so they gave him “even greater honours than had been granted to Philip.” (Diodorus) Question 27 Sparta did not support A. and Macedon. They claimed that “ancestral custom enjoined them not to follow others, but to lead” (Diodorus); that is, unless they could be the boss they weren’t interested. Destruction of Thebes During Balkan campaign Thebes believed A. had been killed and were first state to rebel States believed if A. was dead the Treaty of Corinth would be cancelled as A. had no heir A. marched on Thebes and offered them a chance to acknowledge him as hegemon; they refused and Thebes was sacked with 6000 dead (the other Greek states joined A. as they hated the Thebans more Punishment was handed over to the League of Corinth by A. Questions on Thebes Ref: Hamilton p49 1. What was the punishment for Thebes after the second revolt? Ref: Hamilton p50 2. Was A. responsible for Thebes destruction? Ref: Hamilton p50-51 3. How was Athens’ fate different? Ref: Hamilton p136 Question 2 on worksheet Athens and the fate of the mercenaries 2000 mercenaries (mostly Athenians) had fought on the Persian side at Granicus in 334 BC - they were sent back to Macedonia as prisoners Athens negotiated for several years for their return Read SM 6 a Alexander and Athens Acropolis - fortified citadel of Athens with all her temples League members had sworn not to go to war with Macedonia, hence A. was right to keep them prisoner Athenians next step was to send delegates to beg for their release when A. was in Gordium in 333 BC Read SM 6b 1. Why did A. refuse to release the prisoners? 2. What was A. ‘s attitude towards the ambassadors? A. still had not forgiven the Athenians and he kept them as hostages. It was not until he returned to Tyre in 331 BC after going to Egypt that he changed his mind Read SM 6 c Alexander had returned to Tyre to prepare for his next battle with Darius (Gaugamela) The importance of the occasion was shown by the State ship being used and rowed by free men (not slaves) who all acted as ambassadors The revolt in the Peloponnese was being stirred up by Sparta Alexander may have chosen this moment to forgive the Athenians and return the prisoners because he didn’t want them to join Sparta Answer Questions 21 - 25 on worksheet. Finish for homework