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Environmental consequences of producing liquid N-K and solid P-fertiliser from animal slurry A Greener Agriculture for a Bluer Baltic Sea, October 2012, Copenhagen Jerke W. De Vries Wageningen UR Livestock Research Urine Faeces Content Introduction ● Mineral N-K concentrates to replace mineral fertiliser ● Production process Environmental consequences of producing mineral concentrates ● Life cycle assessment ● Aim and scenarios ● Results Conclusions Introduction (1/3) Producing mineral N-K concentrates to replace fertiliser ● Started in 2009 ● Government and Agricultural industry Research trajectories ● Monitoring of production installations ● Agricultural & environmental effects of using concentrates as fertiliser ● Economic and user analysis ● Environmental consequences (Life Cycle Assessment) Introduction (2/3) Mineral concentrate to replace mineral fertiliser Max N application Current situation Situation with mineral concentrate Mineral fertilizer Mineral fertiliser Mineral concentrate Animal manure Animal manure N limit animal manure 170 kg N/ha External effects? Introduction (3/3) Manure Solid fraction Flocculant/ coagulant Liquid fraction Mineral concentrate 9 ‐ 13 Euro per ton Permeate Environmental consequences (1/6) Life cycle assessment N2O, CH4, CO2 NH3 Greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, N2O) Acidification (NH3, SO2, NOx) N2O, CH4, CO2, NH3 Eutrophication (NH3, NOx, NO3) N2O CO2 NH3 Particulate matter (NH3, NOx, SO2) Fossil fuel depletion NO3 Environmental consequences (2/6) Aim & Scenarios Aim: Assess change in environmental impact of processing pig/ dairy cattle manure to produce ● Mineral fertilizer ● Bio-energy Compare it to conventional manure management system: storage, transport, field application Change oriented, what is affected Environmental consequences (3/6) Aim & Scenarios Distribution locations ● Local application (arable and grassland) ● External application in NL (arable) ● Export outside NL (arable) Environmental consequences (4/6) Aim & Scenarios Impacts: greenhouse gases, fossil fuel depletion, acidification, eutrophication, and particulate matter Scenarios: 1. Only processing 2. Including anaerobic digestion of solid fraction Comparison based on 1 ton liquid manure Environmental consequences (5/6) 140% Results NH3/ NOx N2O 120% 100% Ref (100%) 80% Concentrate 60% Incl digestion 40% CO2 20% 0% -20% Greenhouse gases • • Acidification Eutrophication Particulate Matter Fossil Fuel Depletion Energy for transportation halved, but energy needed for processing With anaerobic digestion, energy is produced Environmental consequences (6/6) Results Sensitivity analysis ● Shortening storage time essential for CH4 ● NH3 emission from processing low and bio-energy production, equal or better performance ● Heat use from digestion improves performance for greenhouse gases and FFD ● Processing only surplus pig manure in intensive production regions (39%) did not lead to changed impact Conclusions Production of mineral concentrate ● Increases environmental impact, except for eutrophication, compared to conventional manure management ● Led to similar fertiliser replacement Including anaerobic digestion reduces climate change and fossil energy depletion End Questions? More information: [email protected] Or (De Vries et al, 2012) Other recent studies show Source separation reduces climate change, acidification and particulate matter (De Vries et al, 2012c) Anaerobic mono-digestion reduces environmental impact and produces some bio-energy (De Vries et al, 2012b) Co-digestion with wastes/ residues increases bio-energy and reduces GHGs and other impacts (De Vries et al, 2012b) Co-digestion with feedstocks increases energy production, but also GHG emission through LUC al, 2012b) (De Vries et