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Download Infectious Diseases
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INFECTIOUS DISEASES Chain of Infections ORDER OF THE CHAIN Agent Reservoir Portal of exit Mode of transmission Portal of entry The new host ORDER OF THE CHAIN Agent Reservoir Portal of exit Mode of Transmission Portal of entry The new host AGENT The first link in the chain of infection is the disease causing agent This is the actual pathogen Example in the video: Influenza B RESERVOIR Where it lives and thrives- must have a favorable environment to survive In many of the most common diseases, the reservoirs are the bodies of already infected people For other diseases, the reservoir could be animals (rabies) or non living environments such as soil (tetanus) Example in the video: man in the elevator PORTAL OF EXIT For agents to cause disease and illness, it is necessary that they leave their reservoirs Example in the video: the respiratory system (sneeze) Principle portals of exit are: Digestive system Urinary system Respiratory system Reproductive system Blood MODE OF TRANSMISSION This is the way that the pathogen is passed from the reservoir to a susceptible host How is it being transmitted Example in the video: air droplets (airborne-inhalation of infected particles) Two Principle Methods of Transmission: Direct Human to human Droplet Fecal-oral spread Indirect: occurs between infected and uninfected people when infectious agents travel by means of non human objects Inanimate objects (ex: water, food) Vectors (ex: insects, birds, deer) Airborne (ex: inhalation of infected particles) PORTAL OF ENTRY How the pathogen gets into the next person Four possible portals of entry: Digestive system Respiratory system Reproductive system Break in the skin Example in the video: respiratory system (inhalation of particles) THE NEW HOST This is the new carrier Example in the video: Holly’s friend at the coffee shop who drank out of her cup