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Safe Clinical Practice Keys to Lab Safety and Success • Be Prepared Keys to Lab Safety and Success • Equipment Keys to Lab Safety and Success • Attendance Keys to Lab Safety and Success • Writing Keys to Lab Safety and Success • Curiosity Lab Skills for Success • Communication Lab Skills for Success • Teamwork Lab Skills for Success • Critical Thinking American Philosophical Association Critical thinking is self-directed, selfdisciplined, self-monitored, and selfcorrective thinking. It presupposes assent to rigorous standards of excellence and mindful command of their use. It entails effective communication and problem solving abilities and a commitment to overcome our native egocentrism and sociocentrism. Lab Skills for Success • Technical skills Infection Prevention & Control • Micro-organism –Only visible with a microscope Micro-organism Cause disease • “pathogen” • infection Do not cause disease • “Nonpathogenic organism” • Normal Flora Cross-contamination • Spread of pathogens from Bacteria • Single cell • No nucleus • Reproduce • Classifications –Need for O2 –Shape –Gram stain Bacteria – need for O2 Aerobic Anaerobic • Need O2 • Can’t have O2 Bacteria – gram stain Gram-positive Gram-negative • Dangerous • Endotoxin • Hemorrhagic shock & diarrhea Bacteria – shape (morphology) • Cocci –Round • Bacilli –Rod shaped • Spirochetes –Spiral • Chains –Streptococci • Pairs –Diplococci • Clusters –Staphylococci Antibiotic • Chemical substances that can kill microorganisms • Most effective against bacteria Viruses • Extremely • Can only grow and replicate within a living cell small Chain of Infection 1. Pathogen • Microorganism capable of causing disease Chain of Infection 1. Pathogen 2. Reservoir 3. A portal of exit • Reservoir – Where the pathogen lives • Portal of Exit – A way to get out of the reservoir Chain of Infection 1. Pathogen 2. Reservoir 3. Portal of exit from the reservoir 4. Mode of Transmission • How pathogens move from the reservoir host Chain of Infection 1. Pathogen 2. Reservoir 3. Portal of exit from the reservoir 4. Mode of Transmission 5. Portal of entry • Entrance into host – Eyes – Mouth – Respiratory – GI – GU – Broken skin – Blood Chain of Infection 1. Pathogen 2. Reservoir 3. Portal of exit from the reservoir 4. Mode of Transmission 5. Portal of entry Susceptible host Healthcare-associated infections • Mode of Transportation – Employees – Visitors – Devices Resistant pathogens • Causes – Inappropriate use of antibiotics • Result – Resistance – Mutation Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) • Reservoir – Mucous membranes – Resp. Tract • Hospital & community acquired • Isolation – Precautions Standard Precaution • Do not touch – Blood – Body fluids (except sweat) – Non-intact skin – Mucous membranes Hand washing • Before & After –Soap Gloves • Before touching –Body fluids Gown • During procedures when contact with body fluids is anticipated. Mask – Eye protection – Face shield • When body fluids are likely to splash or spray. Equipment • Wash hands after handling • Cleaning routine Laundry/textiles • Cover • Don’t hug Needles / sharps • Do not recap • 1-handed scoop • Punctureresistant container Lifting & moving • Obtain help Lifting & moving • Use your leg muscles Lifting & moving • Provide stability for movement Lifting & moving • Smooth, coordinated movements Lifting & moving • Keep the load close Lifting & moving • Pull & pivot
