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Name ___________________________________ Period ________ Evolution by Natural Selection Practice Read the following scenarios below and answer the questions for each. Scenario #1: There are 2 types of worms: worms that eat at night (nocturnal) and worms that eat during the day (diurnal). The birds eat during the day and seem to be eating ONLY the diurnal worms. The nocturnal worms are in their burrows during this time. Each spring when the worms reproduce, they have about 500 babies but only 100 of these 500 ever become old enough to reproduce. 1a. 4 factors of evolution by natural selection: Identify the 4 factors in the scenario above. 1. The potential for species to increase in number. ____________________________________________________ 2. Variation is due to mutations and sexual reproduction. _______________________________________________ 3. Organisms compete for limited resources. _________________________________________________ 4. Those that survive have favorable traits. ___________________________________________________ 1b. What worm has natural selection selected AGAINST? _________________ FOR? ______________ 1c. Over time, what trait would you expect to be more common in the worm population? Justify your response. Scenario #2: There are 3 types of polar bears: ones with thick coats, ones with thin coats and ones with medium coats. It is fall, soon to be winter. The temperatures are dropping rapidly and the bears must be kept warm, or they will freeze to death. Many of the bears have had ~2 cubs each but due to the extreme temperatures, many mothers only have one cub left. 2a. 4 factors of evolution by natural selection: Identify the 4 factors in the scenario above. 1. The potential for species to increase in number. _____________________________________________ 2. Variation is due to mutations and sexual reproduction. _________________________________ 3. Organisms compete for limited resources. _________________________________________________ 4. Those that survive have favorable traits. ___________________________________________________ 2b. What bear will natural selection select AGAINST? ___________________ FOR? _______________ 2c. Over time, what trait would you expect to be more common in the bear population? Justify your response. Scenario #3: In ostriches, there are 2 types: ones that run fast and those that run slowly. The fast birds can reach up to 40 miles an hour. Jackals love to eat ostrich, and they can reach speeds of up to 35-40 miles per hour. A flock of ostrich will lay ~ 10 eggs (each mother only lays 1), but many rodents break into the eggs and eat the fetus before they hatch. 3a. 4 factors of evolution by natural selection: Identify the 4 factors in the scenario above. 1. The potential for species to increase in number. _____________________________________________ 2. Variation is due to mutations and sexual reproduction. _________________________________ 3. Organisms compete for limited resources. _________________________________________________ 4. Those that survive have favorable traits. ___________________________________________________ 3b. What ostrich will natural selection select AGAINST? __________________ FOR? ________________ 3c. Over time, what trait would you expect to be more common in the ostrich population? Justify your response. Scenario #4: There are two types of rabbits: those that strictly eat grass and those that strictly eat berries and flowers. A drought occurs one year, and the plants have difficulty producing any extras (flowers, berries, etc.). They can only try and keep themselves green. The rabbits have had babies all year long but many are eaten by foxes or hawks. Due to the drought, many have starved to death. 4a. 4 factors of evolution by natural selection: Identify the 4 factors in the scenario above. 1. The potential for species to increase in number. _____________________________________________ 2. Variation is due to mutations and sexual reproduction. _________________________________ 3. Organisms compete for limited resources. _________________________________________________ 4. Those that survive have favorable traits. ___________________________________________________ 4b. What bunny will natural selection select AGAINST? __________________ FOR? ________________ 4c. Over time, what trait would you expect to be more common in the rabbit population? Justify your response. Scenario #5: Galapagos finches can have large or small beaks. Large beaks are best for eating seeds while small beaks are best for eating insects. In the spring, finches mate and produce 3-4 birds per clutch of eggs. A disease on the island results in the loss of many insect species; since this is an island, the species are unlikely to populate the area again. 5a. 4 factors of evolution by natural selection: Identify the 4 factors in the scenario above. 1. The potential for species to increase in number. _____________________________________________ 2. Variation is due to mutations and sexual reproduction. _________________________________ 3. Organisms compete for limited resources. _________________________________________________ 4. Those that survive have favorable traits. ___________________________________________________ 5b. What finch will natural selection select AGAINST? __________________ FOR? ________________ 5c. Over time, what trait would you expect to be more common in the finch population? Justify your response. Scenario #6: In the desert, a species of mouse can inherit light or dark colored fur. Mice reproduce 2-3 times per year, producing 5 babies per litter. Large birds, such as hawks, prey upon these mice in the desert. A volcano erupts covering the area with very dark lava rock. 6a. 4 factors of evolution by natural selection: Identify the 4 factors in the scenario above. 1. The potential for species to increase in number. _____________________________________________ 2. Variation is due to mutations and sexual reproduction. _________________________________ 3. Organisms compete for limited resources. _________________________________________________ 4. Those that survive have favorable traits. ___________________________________________________ 6b. What mouse will natural selection select AGAINST? __________________ FOR? ________________ 6c. Over time, what trait would you expect to be more common in the mouse population? Justify your response. Scenario #7: Pneumonia causing bacteria have a very rapid life cycle, dividing and doubling their population every hour. Some pneumonia causing bacteria have genes that give them resistance to antibiotics; other pneumonia causing bacteria lack this trait and are killed if they come into contact with antibiotics. A person contracts pneumonia and takes amoxicillin (an antibiotic) to kill the infection. A week after taking the antibiotics, the infection remains in the person’s lungs. 7a. 4 factors of evolution by natural selection: Identify the 4 factors in the scenario above. 1. The potential for species to increase in number. _____________________________________________ 2. Variation is due to mutations and sexual reproduction. _________________________________ 3. Organisms compete for limited resources. _________________________________________________ 4. Those that survive have favorable traits. ___________________________________________________ 7b. What bacteria will natural selection select AGAINST? __________________ FOR? ________________ 7c. Over time, what trait would you expect to be more common in the bacteria population? Justify your response. Scenario #8: In an ecosystem, some giraffes have long necks and others have short ones. Giraffes produce 1-2 offspring every 2 years. Giraffes are herbivores that eat shrubs that grow throughout the ecosystem. A disease causes low-lying shrubs to die out, reducing the amount of food available to the giraffes. 8a. 4 factors of evolution by natural selection: Identify the 4 factors in the scenario above. 1. The potential for species to increase in number. _____________________________________________ 2. Variation is due to mutations and sexual reproduction. _________________________________ 3. Organisms compete for limited resources. _________________________________________________ 4. Those that survive have favorable traits. ___________________________________________________ 8b. What giraffe will natural selection select AGAINST? __________________ FOR? ________________ 8c. Over time, what trait would you expect to be more common in the giraffe population? Justify your response.