Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Evolving digital ecological networks wikipedia , lookup
Evolutionary history of life wikipedia , lookup
Population genetics wikipedia , lookup
Paleontology wikipedia , lookup
Punctuated equilibrium wikipedia , lookup
Hologenome theory of evolution wikipedia , lookup
Evidence of common descent wikipedia , lookup
Evolution Test Study Guide Answers • Adaptation – Process leading to the increase in frequency of a particular structure, process, or behavior that makes the organism better able to survive and reproduce • Natural selection – Changes in inherited traits of a population over time – Changes help to increase the species’ fitness in its environment • Coevolution – Two species that live in close proximity changing in response to changes in the other • Divergent evolution – A number of species split off from a common ancestor • Convergent evolution – Evolution in different groups of organisms living in similar environments that produces species that are similar in appearance and behavior • Gene flow – Movement of genes in and out of a population (migration) • Gradualism – Gradual changes of a species in a particular way over long periods of time • Homologous structures – Structures that have different mature forms but develop from the same embryonic tissues • Analogous structure – Structures similar in appearance and function but with different evolutionary origins • Embryology – Study of the anatomy of embryos and their development • Phylogenetic tree – Diagram used to show the evolutionary relationships between organisms and classify them into major taxa • Where did Darwin draw his ideas of natural selection? – Galapagos Islands • According to Darwin, evolution occurs because of what? – Because of natural selection • What causes variations in genotypes? – Mutations • Natural selection could not occur without genetic _variation_ in species. • Who proposed the idea of inheritance of acquired characteristics? – Lamark • What do scientists study when looking at biochemical similarities among organisms? – DNA sequences • What would affect the evolution of a species over time? – Resources in the environment and the offspring produced • What would happen to the populations of the same species living in different areas? – They would evolve differently over time because of their different environments • Give an example of divergent and convergent evolution. – Divergent: beaks of finches on Galapagos Islands – Convergent: insect, bird, and bat wings • What type of population is most susceptible to loss of genetic variability as a result of genetic drift? – Small populations • Describe and give an example of geographic isolation. – When organisms are physically separated and form different species over time because of that separation – Butterfly species on the east coast and those on the west coast of the US • List all the conditions of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. – Large population with no genetic drift – No migration – Random mating – No mutations – No natural selection • Explain reproductive isolation. – Organisms are able to mate but don’t because they live in different areas of the same habitat or in the same habitat but can’t breed because of polyploidy • Describe how speciation could occur as a result of geographic isolation. – One species gets separated into two groups by a barrier. The two groups look different from each other due to different environments. • What are the pieces of evidence for evolution? – Anatomy, embryology, biochemistry, paleontology • What is a vestigial structure and give an example. – Structure that had an important function in an ancestor species but no longer serves a function – Appendix in humans • How do fossils demonstrate evidence of evolution? – Shows ancient species that are similar to modern species • What is a transitional fossil? – A fossil of an intermediate stage in the evolution of species • What do similarities in proteins of different species indicate? – They share a common ancestor