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And the three periods of Roman history… Monarchy – April 21st 753 BC – 509 BC Republic – 509 BC – 27 BC Empire – 27 BC – 476 AD Romulus Numa Pompilius Tullus Hostilius Ancus Marcius Tarquinius Priscus Servius Tullius Tarquinius Superbus Roman Romulus Noodles Numa Pompilius TossTullus Hostilius And Ancus Marcius Turn Tarquinius Priscus Serve Servius Tullius Them Tarquinius Superbus Roman Son of Mars and Rhea Silvia Thrown in the Tiber River with his brother Remus by his uncle Nursed by a lupa, taken in by a shepherd Wanted to found a city on the Tiber Remus stood on the Aventine hill and saw six vultures first Romulus stood on the Palatine hill and saw twelve vultures second A riot ensued, in which Remus was killed Or Remus mocked Romulus by jumping over his city walls and Romulus killed him Rome was only men and none of their neighbors would agree to marriage Invited the Sabines to a festival of Neptune While they sat watching the spectacle, Roman men kidnapped all the young women Men attacked Rome to get their women back Sabine women intervened saying they didn’t want to become widows and orphans on the same day Romans and Sabines made a treaty Romulus co-ruled with a Sabine named Titus Tatius Romulus died mysteriously and became the god Quirinus Sabine Established many religious festivals and ceremonies Added January and February to the Roman calendar Built the first Senate house (Curia Hostilia) Defeated the Albans in war Horatii (Roman) and Curatii (Alban) triplets fought Two Romans died, Curatii were wounded Remaining Roman ran away strategically and killed the Curatii as they separated while chasing him Killed by Jupiter with a lightning bolt for performing a sacrifice incorrectly Grandson of the second king Numa (Sabine) Built the first prison (Tullianum) Built the first bridge across the Tiber River (Pons Sublicius) Built Rome’s port at Ostia Etruscan (from the region of Etruria north of Rome) Gained the throne by fraud His wife, Tanaquil, claimed that an eagle had stolen his hat, flown around, and placed it back on his head Started three of Rome’s greatest building projects Circus Maximus (the racetrack) Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus Cloaca Maxima (the great sewer) Murdered by the sons of the previous king, Ancus Marcius Son of a slave woman in the palace who married Tarquinius Priscus’ daughter A crown of blue flame floated around his head – an omen that he should be king Divided the Romans into classes based on wealth (patrician, equestrian, plebeian) Built the first set of walls completely around the city (Servian walls) His daughter, Tullia, had her sister and first husband murdered Had her new husband, Tarquinius Superbus, throw her father down the steps of the Curia and murder him She then ordered her charioteer to run over her father’s body in the street Finished the building projects started by Tarquinius Priscus (Circus Maximus, Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus, and Cloaca Maxima) Earned the name “Superbus” (“arrogant”) by refusing the advice of the Senate and executing senators His son, Sextus Tarquinius, mistreated his cousin’s wife, Lucretia Lucretia, after telling what happened to her, killed herself The men she told, one of which is named Lucius Junius Brutus, overthrew Tarquinius Superbus Established a new form of government, the Republic