Download Stage 26 Vocabulary Sheet

STAGE 26 GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY (see book, p. 122…)
LATIN:
ENGLISH/DERIVATIVES
perfidia, ______________________, ________ - ________________________________________________perifidious/perfidy
prōvincia, ______________________, ________ - ______________________________________________province, provincial
lēgātus, ______________________, ________ - _________________________________________________legate, legal, delegation
tribūnus, ______________________, ________ - _______________________________________________tribune, tribunal
bellum, ______________________, ________ - _____________________________(w/gerere - __________)belligerent
prīncipia, ______________________, ________ - __________________________________________principal, principle, prince
rēgnum, ______________________, ________ - ___________________________________________reign
(king- ____________________________________________; queen- _____________________________________________)
*cohors, ______________________, ________ - _________________________________________cohort, court
facinus, ______________________, ________ - _________________________________________________ (no derivatives)
(neuter nouns ending in –us: ______________________________________________________________________________________________)
fidēs, ______________________, ________ - ____________________________________________________confide, fidelity, infidel
commōtus, ________________________, ________________________ - ___________________________commotion
falsus, ________________________, ________________________ - _________________________________false, falsify
īnsānus, ________________________, ________________________ - ______________________________insane, insanity
saevus, ________________________, ________________________ - _______________________________(no derivatives)
ultimus, ________________________, ________________________ - ______________________________ultimate, ultimatum
____________ quot? _________________________________________ (Indeclinable) [tot- __________________________ also Indecl.]
accūsō, ________________________, ________________________, ________________________ - __________________________________
occupō, ________________________, ________________________, ________________________ - __________________________________
doceō, ________________________, ________________________, ________________________ - ___________________________________
praebeō, ________________________, ________________________, ________________________ - _________________________________
colligō, ________________________, ________________________, ________________________ - __________________________________
(mother verb: legō, legere, lēgī, lēctus—choose; read)
īnstruō, ________________________, ________________________, ________________________ - __________________________________
auferō, ________________________, ________________________, ________________________ - __________________________________
referō, ________________________, ________________________, ________________________ - __________________________________
____________ oportet - ________________________________________________________________________________________________
(mē oportet - _______________________________________________________________________________________________________)
____________ sānē - _____________________________________________________
____________ num - _____________________________ (Indirect question) num? (direct question)- ____________________
____________ sī - ______________________________
____________ ut - __________________________________________________ (w/ Subjunctive) ut- _______________ (w/ Indicative)
DEPENDENT CLAUSES, PHASE 3: PURPOSE CLAUSES
Dependent clauses seen so far:
Phase 1: ‘cum’ clause ‘cum’ = ‘when’ (Circumstantial/temporal clause); use Subjunctive
Phase 2: Indirect Question Head Verb in Main Clause introduces a question—be on the lookout for
question words; use Subjunctive
PHASE 3: PURPOSE CLAUSE ‘ut’ (or ‘nē’) begins the clause; use Subjunctive
A purpose clause is adverbial, i.e., it helps to explain/describe the action in the main clause—WHY is
the action taking place? The verb in the Main clause is usually intransitive (a verb of motion).
e.g.: |The children went to school| (why?)[ in order that they might learn many things].
Main Clause—Intransitve verb/Indicative
līberī ad lūdum adiērunt
Purpose Clause—explains why the action in main clause takes place.
[ ut
illī multa discerent].
(discō, discere, didicī, - - - - learn)
Purpose Clause  ‘ut’ connects to main clause; verb is subjunctive
A negative purpose clause will be introduced by ‘nē’ (instead of ‘ut’) and ‘not’ will be added to translation
in English (our book will not show these for a while…):
līberī ad lūdum adiērunt [nē illī stultī essent].
The children went to school in order that they might not be stupid.
**Notice how the Imperfect Subjunctive has changed slightly in translation…
For now, translate the purpose clause literally, as shown above. LATER you will be able to translate the
clause to look more like an Infinitive phrase, and sounds more natural or ‘smooth’ in English:
‘Smooth’ Translation: The children went to school [to learn many things]…
GERUNDIVE—AKA Future Passive Participle (FPP) (Another Participle!)
This is a participle, so it agrees with a noun in GNC and will decline like an adjective in 1st/2nd declension.
It is a combination of Present Stem + -nd- + -us, -a, -um
doceō, docēre, dōcuī, doctus – show, teach
Pres. Stem: docē
Add the pieces and here it is: docendus, docenda, docendum
Translation: about to be / going to be shown, taught
**GERUNDIVE OF OBLIGATION (aka—The Passive Periphrastic!) When this participle is combined
with any forms of ‘sum’ (Present tense usually), a change in emphasis towards necessity takes
place:


Impersonal set up (see p. 113): the FPP will have a neuter Nom. sing. ending on it, making ‘it’
the subject (‘est’ is usually the verb)
Dative of Agent-- a noun/pronoun in Dative case (instead of ā/ab + Ablative) is used for the
‘agent’ or ‘doer’ of the action:
nōbīs agendum estS = ItS is about to be done by us  it must be done by us
Dative of Agent
FPP
Impersonal Subj.
FPP
Dative of Agent
Because we prefer Active voice in English we change it again…
 we must do (it).
Carthāgō (f.) dēlenda est = Carthage is about to be destroyed  Carthage must be destroyed