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Exam 1, Version B, ESRM 100 Environmental Science, Spring 2016
page 1 of 4
Fill in the BEST answer for each question on your
SCANTRON.
1) Please answer correctly, as it will be graded. The
subject of this course is _______.
A) Horticulture and Landscaping
B) Environmental Science
C) Advanced Biometrics
D) Astrobiology
2) What is the trophic level sequence from bottom
to top?
A) Producers --> Primary consumers --> Secondary
consumers --> Tertiary consumers
B) Primary consumers --> Secondary consumers -->
Tertiary consumers --> Producers
C) Tertiary consumers --> Secondary consumers -->
Primary consumers --> Producers
D) Secondary consumers --> Primary consumers -> Producers --> Tertiary consumers
3) At present, Earth’s human population is
A) stable
B) declining
C) increasing exponentially
D) increasing at a constant rate
4) The phenomenon in which the algae inside the
corals die is
A) called coral bleaching
B) no longer occurring
C) not causing any negative ecosystem effects
D) due to increasing ocean pH and abnormally low
water temperatures
5) If women delay childbearing,
A) the growth rate will increase
B) the growth rate will decrease
C) the growth rate will stay the same
D) the immigration rate will increase
6) Elements that gain or lose electrons to form
compounds create
A) covalent bonds
B) molecular bonds
C) isotopes
D) ionic bonds
7) Organisms that eat dead or decaying matter are
called
A) primary consumers
B) scavengers
C) heterotrophs
D) autotrophs
8) A negative feedback loop is
A) when feedback into the system increases the rate
of progress
B) seen in the example of increased greenhouse
gases leading to global warming
C) when a system responds to a change by returning
it to its original state
D) seen in the example of world population growth
9) Which type of population distribution can
enhance protection from predators?
A) Random distribution
B) Sparse distribution
C) Predator distribution
D) Clumped distribution
10) A null hypothesis is used as a statement that an
experiment must disprove. A scientist wishes to test
whether fish species A prefers cold water over
warm water. Which of the following is the best null
hypothesis for the experiment?
A) Fish A prefers cold water over warm water
B) Fish A enjoys both cold and warm water
C) Fish A has no water temperature preference
D) Fish A has no preference for cold water over
warm water
Exam 1, Version B, ESRM 100 Environmental Science, Spring 2016
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11) Which type of species would be most
vulnerable to environmental changes?
A) Species with a large population size
B) Niche specialists
C) Species with rapid reproductive rates
D) Species with high genetic variation
16) The change in genetic composition of a
population over time is called:
A) evolution
B) phenotype
C) genotype
D) mutation
12) Nitrogen fixation is a process
A) performed by many different organisms
B) by which organisms convert nitrogen compounds
into nitrogen gas
C) by which organisms convert nitrogen gas into
ammonia
D) by which organisms convert nitrogen into a form
that most producers cannot use
17) Historically, ____ has/have kept the world
population out of food deficit.
A) slow population growth
B) food surplus
C) innovations in agricultural practices
D) government assistance
13) What is a positive effect of upwelling?
A) It creates an area of high precipitation
B) It creates an area of high nutrients in the center
of the ocean basin
C) It creates an area of low precipitation
D) It creates an area of high nutrient levels along
the coast
14) Solar radiation enters the Earth system, and
energy leaves it in the form of heat and reflected
light. Therefore, with respect to energy, Earth is:
A) An input system
B) An output system
C) An open system
D) A closed system
15) If an energy source is 35 percent efficient, what
happens to the other 65 percent of the energy?
A) It is converted to another form of useable energy
B) It is converted to solar energy
C) It is converted to electromagnetic radiation
D) It is lost as waste heat
18) Deforestation can result in
A) increased carbon sequestration
B) the rapid flow of water down mountains, leading
to increased erosion and flooding
C) increased soil stability and biodiversity
D) the rapid release of large amounts of carbon
dioxide into the atmosphere
19) When individuals are found to be distributed
evenly throughout an ecosystem it is often because
A) resources are not limiting
B) they are interbreeding
C) they mate for life
D) they are territorial
20) Atmospheric convection currents are caused by
A) the tendency of cool air to rise and condense into
clouds
B) the unequal heating of Earth by the Sun, and the
tendency of warm air to rise
C) the albedo effect
D) the currents of the oceans
Exam 1, Version B, ESRM 100 Environmental Science, Spring 2016
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21) The difference between potential and kinetic
energy is that
A) potential energy is measured in calories, whereas
kinetic energy is measured in joules
B) potential energy is measured in watts, whereas
kinetic energy is measured in joules
C) potential energy has not yet been released
D) kinetic energy cannot be captured at a dam
22) The limit to how many individuals the food
supply can sustain is called the
A) carrying capacity of the environment
B) limiting factor
C) density factor
D) environmental density model
23) Which of the following countries has the
highest ecological footprint per capita?
A) China
B) United States
C) India
D) Mexico
24) Which of the following correctly lists
substances from highest to lowest pH?
A) stomach fluid --> rainwater --> household bleach
B) household bleach --> seawater --> rainwater -->
stomach fluid
C) cola beverage --> stomach fluid --> seawater -->
sodium hydroxide
D) sodium hydroxide --> rainwater --> pure water
25) The poorest ____ % of the world’s people
consume no more than ____ % of the world’s
energy, paper, fish, and meat.
A) 20; 20
B) 20; 5
C) 5; 20
D) 5; 5
26) Matter is
A) anything that has volume and mass
B) anything that has energy
C) anything that doesn’t have mass
D) anything that doesn’t have volume
27) A close interaction between two different
species, in which one species benefits and the other
is unaffected, is called
A) predation
B) mimicry
C) parasitism
D) commensalism
28) A species that plays a major role in determining
the structure of its ecological community is
A) the most abundant species in the community
B) a keystone species
C) the largest species
D) a predator
29) ____ % of the world’s most developed
population consumes ____ % of the world’s energy.
A) 2; 95
B) 10; 10
C) 20; 58
D) 1; 70
30) A hypothesis must be
A) a random guess
B) an absolute
C) testable
D) easily provable
31) Which element is the most abundant in the
atmosphere?
A) Nitrogen
B) Oxygen
C) Hydrogen
D) Sulfur
Exam 1, Version B, ESRM 100 Environmental Science, Spring 2016
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32) The levels of complexity include, from least to
greatest:
A) individual --> community --> population -->
ecosystem --> biosphere
B) individual --> population --> community -->
ecosystem --> biosphere
C) individual --> population --> community -->
biosphere --> ecosystem
D) individual --> population --> ecosystem -->
community --> biosphere
33) Evidence of biodiversity is seen most directly in
the
A) behavior of animals in a region
B) interactions of predators in a region
C) success of one species in a region
D) number of species in a region
34) Other than water, there are few molecules in the
bodies of organisms that do not contain _______.
A) sodium
B) nitrogen
C) calcium
D) carbon
35) Which of the following countries presents the
highest infant mortality rate?
A) United States
B) Canada
C) Tanzania
D) France
36) An individual's ecological footprint is
A) a measure of how many steps that person takes
B) a measure of how much that person produces
C) a measure of the total amount of land required to
support that person's lifestyle
D) a measure of the total amount of food and water
required to support that person's lifestyle
37) An idea that has been repeatedly tested and
confirmed by multiple groups of researchers is
called a(n)
A) hypothesis
B) induction
C) theory
D) deduction
38) Why do areas near large bodies of water have
moderate climates?
A) Solid water (ice) is less dense than liquid water
B) It takes a lot of energy to change the temperature
of water due to hydrogen bonding
C) Water can be a gas, solid or liquid at Earth
temperature and pressure
D) Animals and plants in these areas are less waterstressed
39) Environmental justice is
A) not needed because pollution is equitably
distributed around the world
B) a social movement that works toward equal
enforcement of environmental laws in poor
communities
C) the type of legal system that environmental
lawyers use to defend nature
D) a type of legal punishment for polluters
40) The addition of a limiting nutrient to a body of
water may lead to an algal bloom. What effect will
this algal bloom have on the oxygen content of the
water?
A) The algal bloom will cause the oxygen content
in the water to increase overall
B) The algal bloom will have no impact on the
oxygen content of the water
C) The algal bloom will cause rapid fluctuations of
oxygen in the water
D) The algal bloom will cause first an increase, then
a sharp decrease in oxygen