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Eats other fish
Stomach
Marine fish
Esophogus
Freshwater
Omnivore
Intestine
Stomachs
Stomachs
Esophagus
Intestine
Planktivore
Stomach Gizzard-Like Stomach
Gizzard Shad
Mullet
Parts of the Stomach
Cardiac Stomach
Secretes
Fundic Stomach
Muscular for Grinding
Fundic
Cardiac
Hydrochloric Acid
• decalcifies bones
Hydrochloric Acid
• decalcifies bones
• breaks down
connective tissue
Hydrochloric Acid
• decalcifies bones
• breaks down
connective tissue
• hydrolyzes
proteins
Hydrochloric Acid
• decalcifies bones
• breaks down
connective tissue
• hydrolyzes
proteins
• kills disease
organisms
Pepsin
• Enzyme
• Made by
stomach
glands
• Breaks down
protein at
low pH
Implications?
Large
Intestine?
Variability in Intestine Design
Carp
Catfish
Trout
Sturgeon
(Spiral Valve)
Stomach
Cecae
Intestine
Definitions
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Planktivore: Eats plankton
Piscivore: Eats fish
Herbivore: Eats plants
Omnivore: Eats a little of everything
Detritivore: Eats bottom goo
Insectivore: Eats insects
Carnivore: Meat (insects and fish too…)
Intestine
Length
• Piscivores: 1 x body length
• Herbivores: 2 x body length
• Planktivores: 5-13 x body
• Omnivores: 2-4 x body
• Detritivores: 10-15 x body
Intestinal Secretions
• Bicarbonate to
neutralize the acid
• Produces correct pH
for other digestive
enzymes that come
from the…
Pancreas
1. Endocrine: Insulin
for blood sugar
control (Brockman
bodies)
2. Exocrine:
Digestive enzymes
Pancreatic Islet: Insulin
Zymogen
Granules
Exocrine
Pancreas
Trypsin: proteins
Lipases: fats
Adipose Tissue
Exocrine
Pancreas
Trypsin: proteins
Lipases: fats
Amylases: starches
Exocrine
Pancreas
Trypsin: proteins
Lipases: fats
Amylases: starches
Gall
Liver Bladder
Liver cells arranged
in plates
= Liver cells
= Bile ducts
= Blood
Liver cells arranged
in tubes
= Liver cells
= Bile ducts
= Blood
The Liver
Secretes Bile
Fat
Bile
Bile
•Exocrine
Pancreas
•Bile
•What
else?
Liver
Functions
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Vitamin storage: A (years worth!), D,
B12 (months worth).
Iron storage: Iron is needed to make
hemoglobin and some enzymes.
Free iron levels in the blood are kept
very low to inhibit the growth of
bacteria.
Detoxification: Toxic compounds
from food and blood are metabolized
into nontoxic (hopefully!)
compounds.
Liver Functions (metabolism)
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Carbohydrate metabolism: Storage of
sugar as glycogen, production of
sugar from other molecules,
conversion of sugar types to other
sugar types. Maintains blood sugar
levels.
Fat metabolism: Fat storage,
conversion of carbos to fat,
production of cholesterol,
Protein metabolism: Produces
plasma proteins (albumen, clotting,
immune function), makes egg yolk
(vitellogenin), amino acid conversion.
Liver Functions (energy storage)
Glycogen
Lipid
Yikes !
• Lips
Digestive
• Teeth
System
• Pharyngeal
teeth
Design
• Gill rakers
• Stomach design (acids and enzymes)
• Intestine length
• Digestive enzyme emphasis
(and bicarb)