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6/27/06 More on Clefs The treble and bass clefs represent different areas of the pitch continuum. The notes on the G clef sound higher than those on the F clef. The grand staff represents this relationship, since it uses both clefs to express a “wider” pitch space. Music for the piano is written on the grand staff because it has a very wide range: The grand staff is broad, but even it does not account for all the pitches we hear in music. If a pitch is very high, it might appear above the top staff. Likewise, a very low-sounding pitch will appear below the bottom staff. In order to be clear, these pitches are written with ledger lines. Ledger lines help to tell us how far above or below the staff the note it. These pitches are also easy to name because the letter-names of pitches continue in both directions in s cycle… Intro to Intervals The diatonic scale is comprised of 7 notes (+ the octave) that are all related by step. That is, the note adjacent to any other note will be above it or below it in the closest proximity. If the first note in a scale is in a space, the next note will be on the line above that space, and the next not will be in the space above that line, etc. This way, the notes move up the scale stepwise. In short, the distance between adjacent notes is called a step. Two notes that are not related by step are related by leap. For example, the distance between C and F is a leap, and the distance between D and E is a step. Not all steps and leaps are the same size. We will talk more about leaps later! There are two types of step: tone and semitone (also known as whole step and half step, respectively). A tone = 2 semitones. There are two semitones in the diatonic scale: E-F and B-C. These are called diatonic semitones because they are native to the diatonic collection (the notes derived from the monochord). Since they are in the scale, they have different note names. Let this be the main characterization of diatonic semitone: two notes with different letter names related by semitone. This is different from chromatic semitones, which is the relationship between two notes with the same letter name related by semitone. The pitches G and G# are related by chromatic semitone. The black notes on the piano are pitches that are a semitone away from the white notes adjacent to them. One black note, therefore, can have 2 names. The black note between G and A can be called G# (raised, or sharp G), or Ab (lowered, or flat A). When written, these two note names are very distinct, and have individual musical meaning in context. But since they sound the same (they are the same black key), they are called The following diagram might clarify these classifications: 2 types of interval: 2 types of step: 2 types of semitone: Step Tone (Whole step) Leap Semitone (Half step) diatonic semitone Homework assigned: Page 17, exercises 3-5, 3-6, 3-7 Page 25, exercise 4-6 chromatic semitone