Download Temporal Bone

The Skeletal System
Focus on the Skull
Review Anatomical Terms
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Anterior/Posterior
Dorsal/Ventral
Medial/Lateral
Superior/Inferior
Bone Markings
• Projections for attachment of muscles, ligaments and
tendons
– Process , trochanter, tuberosity, tubercle, crest, line, spine
• Processes for articulation with other bones
– Head, neck, condyle, trochlea, facet
• Openings = holes or spaces in bone for nerves and
vessels to pass
– Foramen, canal, meatus, fissure, sinus
• Depressions = indentations
– Fossa, sulcus
Axial Skeleton
• Includes bones of the skull, vertebral column
and thoracic cage
• Creates a framework of support and
protection for internal organs
• Provides sites of attachment of muscles
The Skull
• Protects the brain and supports delicate sense
organs
• Bones that form the skull include
– 8 cranial bones
– 14 facial bones
– 6 auditory ossicles (tiny bones in the ears)
– Hyoid bone (the only freely moveable bone)
• Bones are joined by sutures
Bones of the Cranium
• Frontal bone (1)- forms the forehead and roof of
the ocular orbits
• Parietal Bone (2) – posterior to the frontal bone;
forms the sides and roof of skull
• Occiptal Bone (1) – posterior and inferior
portions of the skull; foramen magnum
• Temporal Bone (2) – form the sides and base of
the skull; a number of distinct anatomical
landmarks
Bones of the Cranium – Lateral View
Frontal Bone
Parietal Bone
Temporal Bone
Occipital Bone
Bones of the Cranium - Frontal
Parietal Bone
Frontal Bone
Temporal Bone
Bones of the Cranium – Inferior View
Temporal Bone
Parietal Bone
Occipital Bone
Bones of the Cranium – Horizontal View
Frontal Bone
Temporal Bone
Parietal Bone
Occipital Bone
Sutures of the Cranium
• Sagittal Suture – extends along the midline of
the cranium; between parietal bones
• Coronal Suture – between frontal bone and
parietal bones
• Lambdoid Suture – between occipital and
parietal bones
• Squamous Suture– between the temporal bones
and the parietal bones
Sutures of the Cranium – Lateral View
Coronal Suture
Parietal Bone
Temporal Bone
Lambdoid
Suture
Squamous Suture
Occipital Bone
Frontal Bone
Sutures of the Cranium - Frontal
Coronal Suture
Parietal Bone
Frontal Bone
Temporal Bone
REVIEW
The skull at birth
The skull at birth
Bones of the Cranium continued
• Sphenoid Bone–forms the floor of the skull and braces
side of skull; acts like a bridge between cranial and
facial bones
• Ethmoid Bone – anterior to the sphenoid; stabilizes
the brain; forms the roof and sides of the nasal cavity
• Vomer – forms the inferior portion of the nasal
septum
• Palatine Bone – forms the posterior hard palate (“roof
of mouth”); contributes to the walls of the nasal cavity
and the floor of each orbit
Bones of the Cranium – Lateral View
Coronal Suture
Frontal Bone
Parietal Bone
Sphenoid Bone
Temporal Bone
Ethmoid Bone
Lambdoid
Suture
Squamous Suture
Occipital Bone
Bones of the Cranium - Frontal
Coronal Suture
Parietal Bone
Frontal Bone
Sphenoid Bone
Ethmoid Bone
Temporal Bone
Vomer
Bones of the Cranium – Inferior View
Palatine Bone
Sphenoid Bone
Vomer
Temporal Bone
Parietal Bone
Occipital Bone
Bones of the Cranium–Horizontal View
Frontal Bone
Sphenoid Bone
Temporal Bone
Parietal Bone
Occipital Bone
Ethmoid Bone
Bones of the Face
• Maxilla (2) – articulates with all other facial bones
except the mandible; forms part of the orbit, walls of
nasal cavity and anterior roof of mouth
• Zygomatic Bones (2) – articulates with the frontal
bone and the maxilla; completes lateral orbit of eye
• Nasal Bones– bridge of nose; articulate with frontal
bone and maxilla
• Lacrimal Bones– with the orbit; medial surface
• Mandible – lower jaw
Bones of the Face – Lateral View
Coronal Suture
Frontal Bone
Parietal Bone
Sphenoid Bone
Temporal Bone
Ethmoid Bone
Lambdoid
Suture
Squamous Suture
Occipital Bone
Lacrimal Bone
Nasal Bone
Zygomatic Bone
Maxilla
Mandible
Bones of the Face - Frontal
Coronal Suture
Parietal Bone
Frontal Bone
Nasal Bone
Sphenoid Bone
Ethmoid Bone
Lacrimal Bone
Zygomatic Bone
Temporal Bone
Maxilla
Mandible
Vomer
Bones of the Face – Inferior View
Maxilla
Palatine Bone
Zygomatic Bone
Vomer
Temporal Bone
Parietal Bone
Occipital Bone
Maxilla
Sphenoid Bone
Teeth (32)
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Incisors - 8
Canines - 4
Pre-molars - 8
Molars - 12
Processes
• Any elevation or projection
• Can be part of a joint or a site of attachment for
muscles, ligaments and tendons
PROCESS
Protrusion for
attachment of
tendons and
ligaments
Processes of the cranium
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Styloid process (temporal bone)
Mastoid process (temporal bone)
Zygomatic process (temporal bone)
Occipital condyle (occipital bone)
External occipital protuberance (occipital bone)
Coronoid process (mandible)
Condylar process (mandible)
Mandibular process (mandible)
Pterygoid process (sphenoid)
Hamulus of the pterygoid process (sphenoid)
Styloid Process
• Pointed piece of bone that extends down from the
temporal bone just below the ear
• Attaches to
– ligaments that support the hyoid bone
– muscles that control the tongue and pharynx
Mastoid Process
• Built up area of the lower temporal bone where
important neck muscles attach
• Muscle that rotate and elevate the head and
clavicle attach here
Zygomatic Process of the Temporal Bone
• Connects temporal bone to facial bones
(zygomatic bone)
Occipital Condyle
• The site on the occipital bone where skull meets
vertebrae
– Atlas = the first vertebrae in the spinal column
External Occipital Protuberance
• Medial protrusion of the occipital bone
• Muscles that keep the head upright and allow the
head to tilt backward attach here
Coronoid Process (coronation day)
• “like a crown”
• Attachment point for muscle that closes the
jaw
Condylar Process
• Forms a hinge with the temporal bone
Mandibular Process
• Smooth surface of the condylar process
The Sphenoid Bone
• Pterygoid Process and the
hamulus of the pterygoid process
Process of the Skull – Lateral View
Coronal Suture
Parietal Bone
Frontal Bone
Sphenoid Bone
Temporal Bone
Ethmoid Bone
Lambdoid Suture
Lacrimal Bone
Squamous Suture
Occipital Bone
Nasal Bone
Zygomatic Process
Zygomatic Bone
Maxilla
Mastoid Process
Styloid Process
Mandible
Process of the Skull - Frontal
Coronal Suture
Parietal Bone
Frontal Bone
Nasal Bone
Sphenoid Bone
Ethmoid Bone
Lacrimal Bone
Zygomatic Bone
Temporal Bone
Ethmoid Bone
Maxilla
Mandible
Vomer
Process of the Skull– Inferior View
Maxilla
Palatine Bone
Zygomatic Bone
Zygomatic Process
Maxilla
Sphenoid Bone
Vomer
Styloid Process
Mastoid Process
Temporal Bone
Parietal Bone
Occipital Bone
Occipital Condyle
Processes of the Skull – Horizontal View
Frontal Bone
Sphenoid Bone
Temporal Bone
Parietal Bone
Occipital Bone
Ethmoid Bone
Name the Process
Name the Process
Foramina and Other Structures
• General terms to describe openings include
– Foramen, canal, meatus, fissure sinus
Foramina and Other Structures
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Supraorbital foramen (frontal)
Infraorbital foramen (maxilla)
Mental foramen (mandible)
Foramen magnum (occipital)
Jugular foramen (temporal)
Carotid canal (temporal)
External acoustic meatus (temporal)
Mandibular foramen (mandible)
Palatine foramen (palatine)
Foramen lacerum (temporal)
Foramen ovale (sphenoid)
Foramen spinosum (sphenoid)
Foramen rotundum (sphenoid)
Stylomastoid foramen (temporal)
FORAMEN,
MEATUS, FISSURE,
CANAL:
Terms to describe
openings for
passage of nerves
and blood vessels
Supraorbital foramen**
• “above” the orbit
• blood vessels and nerves that innervate the
eyebrows and eyelids
Infraorbital foramen**
• “below the orbit”
• Facial nerves
Mental foramen**
• Distal/lateral opening for the mental nerve
and vessels that innervate the lip
Mandibular foramen
• Proximal/medial opening for the mental nerve
and vessels that innervate the lip and teeth
Foramen magnum**
• Spinal cord
Jugular foramen**
• Jugular vein
Carotid Canal**
• Carotid artery
Foramen ovale**
• Trigeminal nerve – mandibular branch
External Auditory meatus**
• Opening that leads to the eardrum
(tympanum)
Palatine foramen
• Nerves that innervate the palate
Foramen lacerum
• Fills with cartilage after birth
Foramen spinosum
• Nerves that innervate the meninges enter the
brain
Foramen rotundum
• Trigeminal nerve: maxillary branch
Stylomastoid foramen
• Facial nerves exit skull
Process of the Skull – Lateral View
Coronal Suture
Frontal Bone
Parietal Bone
Sphenoid Bone
Temporal Bone
Ethmoid Bone
Lambdoid Suture
Lacrimal Bone
Squamous Suture
Occipital Bone
Nasal Bone
Zygomatic Bone
Maxilla
Zygomatic Process
External Auditory
Meatus Mastoid Process
Styloid Process
Mandible
Mandible
Mental Foramen
Process of the Skull - Frontal
Coronal Suture
Parietal Bone
Frontal Bone
Supraorbital Foramen
Nasal Bone
Sphenoid Bone
Ethmoid Bone
Lacrimal Bone
Zygomatic Bone
Superior Orbital Fissure
Optic Canal
Temporal Bone
Infraaorbital Foramen
Ethmoid Bone
Maxilla
Mandible
Vomer
Process of the Skull– Inferior View
Maxilla
Palatine Bone
Zygomatic Bone
Zygomatic Process
Vomer
Styloid Process
Mastoid Process
Temporal Bone
Parietal Bone
Occipital Bone
Maxilla
Sphenoid Bone
Foramen Ovale
Carotid Canal
Jugular Foramen
Occipital Condyle
Foramen Magnum
Processes of the Skull – Horizontal View
Frontal Bone
Sphenoid Bone
Ethmoid Bone
Optic Canal
Foramen Ovale
Temporal Bone
Jugular Foramen
Carotid Canal
Parietal Bone
Occipital Bone
Foramen Magnum