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WHERE ARE WE IN THE UNIVERSE? Text 7.1: Space Flight to the Stars p.g. 258-266 Agenda 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Minds On: Where Are We in the Universe? Are We Alone in our Galaxy? Measuring Distance in Space Scientific Notation – Task Properties & Types of Galaxies Quick Lab – All These Worlds Learning Goals By the end of the class, we should be able to Describe how the model of the atom has changed over time Describe the structure of the atom according to modern atomic theory Calculate the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in an atom based on the periodic table Minds On: Where Are We in the Universe? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v= 17jymDn0W6U&feature=player_e mbedded Are We Alone in the Galaxy? Are We Alone in the Galaxy? Are We Alone in the Galaxy? Milky Way Galaxy: 100 000 Light Years in diameter Estimated 100 – 400 billion stars Mapping of universe shows over 107 000 galaxies out to a distance of 5 billion ly Measuring Distance in Space Distances are so VAST we have had to develop a special system: Astronomical unit (AU) Average distance between the Sun & the Earth 1AU = 150 million km (150 000 000km) Measuring Distance in Space Measuring Distance in Space Outside the solar system the distances to other celestial objects become to great… For this we use LIGHT YEARS (ly): Equals the distance a beam of light can travel through space in a year • Light Year = 63 000 AU or 9 000 billion km • At the speed of light you could travel around the earth 7 times in 1 second Scientific Notation Scientific notation helps make very large numbers shorter and easier to handle E.g. The speed of light is about 299 800 000 m/s. Write this in scientific notation Step 1: Move decimal place to 1st digit 2.99800000 Step 2: Count number of places. Exponent of 8, written as 108 Step 3: Delete zeros & rewrite 2.998 x108 m/s Scientific Notation Scientific Notation – Task: Complete p.g. 265 questions 1-6 What is a Galaxy? Properties? Galaxies – contain stars, planets, and dust all bound together through gravity. Greek – galaxias literally means “milky” reference to the milky way Black Holes – is a region of space where gravity is so strong that nothing, not even light can escape. Dark Matter – refers to matter in the universe that is invisible because it does not interact with light or any other kind of radiation. Star Clusters – distinct groupings of stars i.e. open cluster (young) or globular cluster (old). Black hole in the milky way galaxy has a mass equal to 3 million stars! Most of the gravity in the universe is thought to be produced by dark matter. What is a Galaxy? Properties? Galaxies are classified into four main shapes: Spiral Barred Elliptical Irregular Classified using Edwin Hubble’s Tuning fork What is a Galaxy? Properties? Galaxies tend to occur in groups called clusters. Galaxy clusters in turn from groups called super clusters. Could be over 100 million galaxies in the universe. Quick Lab – All These Worlds Complete the quick lab C4 – All These Worlds Questions 1-4 p.g. 266 Are there other forms of life on the universe? Explain…