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January 30 2017
To
Get Out: Notebook, pencil/pen
WARM UP: Why do you think plants
are important to the ecosystem?
HOMEWORK:
Imaginary
Organism due Feb 3rd
Parts of Plants
and Funtion
Parts of a Plant
 Roots
hold the plant in the soil and takes in
water and nutrients from the soil.
Parts of the Root
 Root

Provides protection for
the root tip
 Root

Cap
Hairs
Site of absorption
 Vascular

Image found at: www.cactus-art.biz
Tissue
Within cortex, contains
cells that transport
water, nutrients, and
minerals to all parts of
the plant
Image found at: www.bio.psu.edu
Parts of the Root
 Epidermis

Outermost layer of cells, like the skin of the root
 Cortex

Tissue inside epidermis that stores starch and other
substances for the growth of the root
Roots
2
Types of
Root Systems
Taproot
Fibrous
System
Image found at: http://www.puc.edu
Roots
Taproot System
Primary roots grow
down from the stem
with some
secondary roots
forming
Image found at: http://www.arboretum.fullerton.edu
Roots
Fibrous Root
System
Small lateral
roots that
spread out just
below the soil
surface
Image found at: www.wildmanstevebrill.com
Root Functions
Roots have 4 primary functions
 Absorption

of water and nutrients
performed by root hairs
 Transportation
of water and nutrients to stem
 Anchor plant to maintain stability
 Store food and water
Parts of a Plant
 The
stem holds up the plant and moves water
and nutrients through it.
Parts of the Stem
 Node
 Areas
where side branches
and leaves develop
 Internode
 Area
between nodes
 Xylem
 Carries
nutrients up
 Phloem
 Carries
nutrients down
 Pith
 Stores
food
Image found at: www.ext.colostate.edu
Stems
 Functions:

Support the leaves, and positions them so
they can receive as much sunlight as
possible

Responsible for the size and shape of the
plant.
Stems
 Functions:

Move water, minerals, and manufactured
food throughout the whole plant.

Green stems produce food through
photosynthesis.
Stems
 Internal
Structures

Xylem: Tissue responsible for carrying water
and nutrients from the roots to the leaves. It
is located near the center of the stem.

Xylem Up!!
Stems
 Internal
Structure:

Phloem: Tissue responsible for carrying food
produced in the leaf to the rest of the plant.
The phloem is usually located near the
outside of the stem.

Phloem Down!!
Stems
 Specialized

Bulbs: Short flattened stem which has
several fleshy leaves. Bulbs are found
beneath the soil.
 Example:

Stems
Onions
Corm: Sphyrical structure similar to a bulb.
 Example:
Gladiolus
Stems
 Specialized
Stems

Rhizome: Thick underground stem which
lies horizontally.

Stolon: Horizontal stem which lies above
the ground (often called runners).
 Example:
Strawberry runners
Plant Body
Leaf = blade + petiole
Functions
Exposes surface to sunlight
Major site of photosynthesis
Conserves water
Provides for gas exchange
Blade
Petiole
Stoma =
opening in the leaf
for gas exchange,
water evaporation
Conserves water
Photosynthesi
s
Structures of the Leaf
Transports water
and sugar to
stem and roots
Important Functions of Leaves
 Photosynthesis


Process that plants use to produce their
food
6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2
 Transpiration

Loss of water and exchange of carbon
dioxide
Leaf Parts
 Blade
 Main
body of leaf
 Petiole
 Attaches
blade to
stem
 Midrib
 Large
central vein
Image found at: www.yourdictionary.com
Leaf Parts
 Apex

Tip of leaf
 Base

Attaches to petiole – if petiole is absent, attaches directly
to stem
 Margin

Edge of leaf
 Epidermis

“Skin” of leaf - responsible for gas exchange
 Stomata

Outside layer of leaf opening in epidermis where gas and
water exchange
 Mesophyll

Middle layer of leaf where photosynthesis occurs
Leaves

Leaf Types

Simple leaf: Has only one leaf on the petiole.

Compound leaf: A leaf with multiple blades.
Leaves
 Vein
Patterns

Parallel: Veins never cross. Found in
monocots.

Netted: Veins form a network. Found in
Dicots.
Leaves
 Leaf
Layers:

Cuticle: The top waxy, non-cellular part of
the leaf. Its job is to prevent water
escaping.

Epidermis: Skin like layer of cells found on
both the top and bottom of the leaf. Its job
is to protect the leaf.
Leaves
 Leaf
Layers

Stomata: Holes in the lower epidermis
responisble for gas exchange.

Guard Cells: Surround the stomata’s
which open and close them.
Monocots
 Leaves
have parallel Veins
 Fibrous Roots
 Flower parts in 3’s
 Seed has one part (cotyledon)
 Vascular bundles are scattered
Dicots
 Leaves
have branched Veins
 Tap Roots
 Flower parts in 4’s & 5’s
 Seed has two parts (cotyledons)
 Vascular bundles are in a ring
Monocot vs. Dicot
 Number
of cotyledons: one vs. two
Monocot vs. Dicot
 Leaf
venation pattern:
 Monocot is parallel
 Dicot is net pattern
Monocot vs. Dicot root
 Monocot:
 Dicot:
Fibrous root
Tap root
Monocot vs. Dicot
 Flower
parts:
 Monocot:
 Dicot:
in groups of three
in groups of four or five
Monocot vs. Dicot
 Stem
types:

Monocot: Herbaceous

Dicot: herbaceous or woody
Summary: Monocot vs. Dicot
Comparing Monocots vs. Dicots
FEATURE
MONOCOTS
DICOTS
Cotyledons
1
2
Leaf venation
parallel
broad
Root system
Fibrous
Tap
Number of
floral parts
Vascular
bundle position
Woody or
herbaceous
In 3’s
In 4’s or 5’s
Scattered
Arranged in a
circle
Either
Herbaceous
Parts of a Seed
 Seed
Coat
 Seed Leaf
 Stored
Food
 Developing Plant
How a Seed Grows into a New Plant
 The
life of a plant begins as a seed.
 Once you plant and water a seed it begins to
germinate.
 The root pushes through the seed coat.
 The seedling grows out of the ground.
 The stem and its leaves point to the sunlight.
 The leaves make its own food.
 Flowers begin to bloom and make seeds.
 New seeds are formed and scattered.
What is this process called?
Parts of the Seed

Embryo

Growing part of seed containing:




Endosperm



Plumule – “Shoot”
Hypocotyl – Stem
Radical – “Root”
Tissue that provides nutrition for the developing
seed
Cotyledon

Food Storage

Protective outer covering of the seed
Seed Coat
Parts of the Seed
Image found at: www.puc.edu
Flower Function
Sexual Reproduction!!!!
Flowers
Wind
Insects
Birds
are pollinated by:
Flower Parts
Pistil
Female
part of
plant
Containing:
Stigma
Style
Ovary
Image found at: www.howe.k12.ok.us
Flower Parts
 Stamen


Male reproductive part
Contains
 Anther
 Filament
Image found at: www.botanyworld.com
Flower Parts
 Petals
 Highly
colored part
of the flower, may
contain perfume
and/or nectar
glands
 Sepals
 Small
green
structures on the
base of a flower
that protect the
flower bud
Image found at: http://biology.clc.uc.edu
Flowers
 Sexual
Reproduction in Plants: Two
parents (meiosis)

#1 The stamen releases pollen.

#2 Pollen is carried by wind, gravity,
animals, or insects to the stigma of another
flower. (This is when pollination occurs)

#3 The pollen moves from the stigma down
through in a pollen tube the style depositing
sperm in the ovary.
Flowers
 Sexual
Reproduction in Plants:

#4 When the sperm has been deposited
in the ovary fertilization has occurred.

#5 When the eggs have been fertilized, the
ovary and surrounding tissue start to
enlarge to become a fruit and the fertilized
eggs become seeds.
Flowers
 Flower
Types:

Perfect Flower: Has both male and female
parts.

Imperfect Flower: A flower that is missing
either male or female parts.

Complete Flower: Flowers that have sepals,
petals, pistils, and stamens.
Flowers
 Flower
Types:

Incomplete Flowers: When a flower is
missing sepals, petals, pistils, or stamen.

Imperfect Flowers are always incomplete.
Incomplete flowers may or may not be
imperfect