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THE RENAISSANCE
1485-1660
Part I
Geschke/British Literature
Introduction to The Renaissance
The Renaissance in Europe
•
Began in Italy during the fourteenth
century
Geschke/British Literature
Introduction to The Renaissance
The Renaissance in Europe
Literature
• Petrarch
– 1304-1374
Geschke/British Literature
Introduction to The Renaissance
The Renaissance in Europe
Literature
• Boccaccio
– 1313-1375
Geschke/British Literature
Introduction to The Renaissance
The Renaissance in Europe
Painting
• Giotto
– 1266?-1337?
Geschke/British Literature
Introduction to The Renaissance
The Renaissance in Europe
Painting
• Giotto
– St. Francis
Giving His Cloak
to a Poor Man
Geschke/British Literature
Introduction to The Renaissance
The Renaissance in Europe
Painting
• Giotto
– The Vision of the
Thrones
Geschke/British Literature
Introduction to The Renaissance
The Renaissance in Europe
Painting
• Giotto
– Homage of a
Simple Man
Geschke/British Literature
Introduction to The Renaissance
The Renaissance in Europe
Architecture
• Brunelleschi
– 1377?-1446
Geschke/British Literature
Introduction to The Renaissance
The Renaissance in Europe
Architecture
• Brunelleschi
– Brunelleschi’s
Dome
Geschke/British Literature
Introduction to The Renaissance
The Renaissance in Europe
Architecture
• Brunelleschi
– Brunelleschi’s
Dome
Geschke/British Literature
Introduction to The Renaissance
The Renaissance in Europe
Sculpture
• Donatello
– 1386-1466
Geschke/British Literature
Introduction to The Renaissance
The Renaissance in Europe
Sculpture
• Donatello
– Crucifix
Geschke/British Literature
Introduction to The Renaissance
The Renaissance in Europe
Sculpture
• Donatello
– David
Geschke/British Literature
Introduction to The Renaissance
The Renaissance in Europe
•
Florence
– established itself
as a focal point of
intellectual trends
and artistic
accomplishments
Geschke/British Literature
Introduction to The Renaissance
The Renaissance in Europe
• Florence
Geschke/British Literature
Introduction to The Renaissance
The Renaissance in Europe
• Florence
Geschke/British Literature
Introduction to The Renaissance
The Renaissance in Europe
• Florence
Geschke/British Literature
Introduction to The Renaissance
The Renaissance in Europe
•
Humanists
–
–
began to emphasize the capacities of the
human mind and the achievement of human
culture
in contrast to the medieval emphasis on
God and contempt for the things of this
world
Geschke/British Literature
Introduction to The Renaissance
The Renaissance in Europe
•
Lorenzo de’ Medici
– 1449-1492
– Most famous ruler of
Florence
– Under his leadership,
the goals of
Renaissance
Humanism were
pursued with
unrivaled intensity
Geschke/British Literature
Introduction to The Renaissance
The Renaissance in Europe
Visual Arts Flourished
• Leonardo da Vinci
– 1452-1519
Geschke/British Literature
Introduction to The Renaissance
The Renaissance in Europe
Visual Arts Flourished
• Leonardo da Vinci
– The Last Supper
Geschke/British Literature
Introduction to The Renaissance
The Renaissance in Europe
Visual Arts Flourished
• Leonardo da Vinci
– Madonna and
Child
Geschke/British Literature
Introduction to The Renaissance
The Renaissance in Europe
Visual Arts Flourished
• Leonardo da Vinci
– Mona Lisa
Geschke/British Literature
Introduction to The Renaissance
The Renaissance in Europe
Visual Arts Flourished
• Leonardo da Vinci
– The Virgin of the
Rocks
Geschke/British Literature
Introduction to The Renaissance
The Renaissance in Europe
Visual Arts Flourished
• Michelangelo
– 1475-1564
Geschke/British Literature
Introduction to The Renaissance
The Renaissance in Europe
Visual Arts Flourished
• Michelangelo
– Creation of
Adam
Geschke/British Literature
Introduction to The Renaissance
The Renaissance in Europe
Visual Arts Flourished
• Michelangelo
– David
Geschke/British Literature
Introduction to The Renaissance
The Renaissance in Europe
Visual Arts Flourished
• Michelangelo
– Fresco
Geschke/British Literature
Introduction to The Renaissance
The Renaissance in Europe
Visual Arts Flourished
• Michelangelo
– Interior of the
Sistine Chapel
Geschke/British Literature
Introduction to The Renaissance
The Renaissance in Europe
Visual Arts Flourished
• Michelangelo
– The Separation
of Light and
Darkness
Geschke/British Literature
Introduction to The Renaissance
The Renaissance in Europe
Visual Arts Flourished
• Michelangelo
– Virgin and Child
Geschke/British Literature
Introduction to The Renaissance
The Renaissance in Europe
•
•
•
Extended in England past the middle of
the seventeenth century
Renaissance means “rebirth”
We can say that the Renaissance was
the beginning of the modern world
Geschke/British Literature
Introduction to The Renaissance
The Renaissance in England
•
King Henry VII
–
–
–
–
1485-1509
Established the
Tudor dynasty
Ruled the country for
more than a century
Provided stability and
confidence
necessary for
sustained artistic
achievement
Geschke/British Literature
Introduction to The Renaissance
The Renaissance in England
•
Henry VIII
– 1509-1547
– Saw himself as
mainly a powerful
political leader
– Wanted to be thought
of as an enlightened
Renaissance prince
Geschke/British Literature
Introduction to The Renaissance
The Renaissance in England
•
Sir Thomas More
– 1478-1535
– under Henry VIII’s
rule, More became
the center of the
English Humanists
– More’s Utopia (1516)
may be thought of as
the first literary
masterpiece of the
English Renaissance.
Geschke/British Literature
Introduction to The Renaissance
The Renaissance in England
•
Also under Henry VIII’s rule, two gifted
poets were writing poems based on their
exploration of Italian models
Geschke/British Literature
Introduction to The Renaissance
The Renaissance in England
• Sir Thomas Wyatt
– 1503-1542
• Henry Howard, Earl of
Surrey
– 1517?-1547
Geschke/British Literature
Introduction to The Renaissance
Protestant Reformation
•
•
Martin Luther (1517)
Ninety-five Theses
–
Declared his objections
to certain long-standing
abuses in the Church
– Specifically, indulgences
• Remission of part or
all punishment that is
due for sins
Geschke/British Literature
Introduction to The Renaissance
Protestant Reformation
•
England aligned itself with the Protestant
revolt against the Pope and Rome
– No religious motive
– Rather, personal and political motives
Geschke/British Literature
Introduction to The Renaissance
Protestant Reformation
•
•
•
Henry VIII requested a divorce from his
first wife, Catherine of Aragon, because
she did not produce a male heir to the
throne
The Pope refused this request
Henry VIII defied the Pope, remarried,
and declared himself Supreme Head of
the Church in England (also known as
the Anglican Church)
Geschke/British Literature
Introduction to The Renaissance
Protestant Reformation
•
Consequences of England’s break with
Rome and Catholicism
–
–
England came to have a new and more
independent national identity
Sir Thomas More was imprisoned and
executed when he opposed Henry’s divorce
and refused to swear oaths of allegiance to
him as Supreme Head of the English church
Geschke/British Literature
Introduction to The Renaissance
Protestant Reformation
•
The Death of Sir Thomas More
– Henry’s viewed More’s execution as a
political necessity
– More’s death demonstrated that the cultural
and artistic spirit of the Renaissance was
controlled by the desire of dynastic power
Geschke/British Literature
Introduction to The Renaissance
Succession of the Throne
•
Edward VI
– Henry VIII died in
1547
– throne passed to his
nine-year-old son,
Edward VI
– guided in all
government affairs by
a council of senior
officials
– died prematurely in
1553
Geschke/British Literature
Introduction to The Renaissance
Succession of the Throne
• Mary
– Edward’s older
sister
– Queen from 15531558
Geschke/British Literature
Introduction to The Renaissance
Succession of the Throne
•
Queen Mary (continued)
– offspring of Henry VIII’s marriage to
Catherine of Aragon
– Mary was half Spanish and a devout
Catholic
– Married Philip II of Spain
– Instituted a reign of terror against English
Protestants in an attempt to return England
to Catholic authority
– Called “Bloody Mary”
Geschke/British Literature
Introduction to The Renaissance