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Download 8-2: Carbon Compounds
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You may use your 8.1 notes and the vocab sheet • • • • What are some similar properties shared by organic compounds? What are some properties of hydrocarbons? What kind of structures and bonding do hydrocarbons have? What are some characteristics of substituted hydrocarbons? Science Standard 8.3.c: Students know atoms and molecules form solids by building up repeating patterns, such as the crystal structure of NaCl or long-chain polymers Science Standard 8.6.a: Students know that carbon, because of its ability to combine in many ways with itself and other elements, has a central role in the chemistry of living organisms. What do all of these have in common? They are all made up of forms of CARBON Organic compound Hydrocarbon Structural formula Isomer Saturated hydrocarbon Unsaturated hydrocarbon Hydroxyl group Alcohol Organic acid Carboxyl group Ester Polymer monomer See vocab sheet Organic Compounds Many organic compounds have similar properties in terms of melting points, boiling points, odor, electrical conductivity and solubility. Also called carbon compounds They can be found in: living things products made from living things materials produced in labs Organic Compounds Properties (usually): Low melting points Low boiling points Liquids/gases at room temp. Have strong odors Do not conduct electricity Do not dissolve in water Hydrocarbons Like many other organic compounds, hydrocarbons mix poorly with water. Also, all hydrocarbons are flammable The most simple organic compounds Flammable/BURN EASILY- so used as fuels Examples: Methane Ethane Propane Structure of Hydrocarbons Can be classified by arrangement of atoms and by types of bonds between atoms Only contains carbon and hydrogen elements Can form into chains, branched chains, or rings Each hydrogen has 1 bond Each carbon has 4 bonds There is never a “dangling” bond left Isomers Compounds that have same formulas (same number of each element) but different structures Each isomer has different characteristic properties Example: Butane and Isobutene THEY HAVE DIFFERENT BOILING AND MELTING POINTS TOO! Double Bonds /Triple Bonds and Saturated/Unsaturated Hydrocarbons In addition t forming a single bond, two carbons can form a double or triple bond If there are ONLY single bonds= SATURATED hydrocarbon End in -ane If there are double/triple bonds= UNSATURATED Ends in –ene or -yne Substituted Hydrocarbons If just one atom of another element is substituted for a hydrogen atom in hydrocarbon, a different compound is created. Examples: Compounds containing halogens With fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine Alcohols Has 1 or more HYDROXYLS (or –OH) Dissolve well in water, higher boiling points, liquid at room temp Organic Acids Has 1 or more CARBOXYLs (or –COOH) Also called citric acids, found in many fruits Esters Many esters have pleasant, fruity smells Compound made of a alcohol and an organic acid Polymers Organic compounds, such as alcohols, esters, and others can be linked together to build polymers with thousands or even millions of atoms Polymers- many linked Monomers- a smaller chain What are three types of substituted hydrocarbons? Compounds containing halogens Alcohols Organic Acids What are some Properties of organic compounds? Low melting points Low boiling points Liquids/gases at room temp. Have strong odors Do not conduct electricity Do not dissolve in water GP: Write a paragraph summary of the section OR Pick 2 ways to synthesize the notes IP: 8.2 Review/Reinforce
