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Download Domainsанаmicroscopic regions in ferromagnetic materials in which
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Lodestone - naturally occuring mineral of iron with magnetic properties Magnetism - along with electricity, forms one of the fundamental forces - caused by the movement of electrons - revolution of the electrons around the nucleus - intrinsic property of electrons called "spin" - used to believe the electrons spun on their axis Ferromagnetic - substances that are strongly attracted to magnets - iron, cobalt and nickel (and gadolinium) - caused by "spin" of several unpaired electrons Diamagnetic - substances that are weakly repelled by magnets - caused by revolution of electrons around nucleus Paramagnetic- substances that are weakly attracted to magnets - caused by the effect of spin being slightly greater than revolution around nucleus Domains microscopic regions in ferromagnetic materials in which dipoles align in same direction ferromagnetic materials become magnets when the alignment of the domains is in the same direction when magnet is brought nearby, domains shift to align with magnet, this is called "induced magnetism" sometimes the magnetism is retained and is called "residual magnetism" to permanently "magnetize" a ferromagnetic material, the domains must all be aligned Domains Before Magnetization Domains After Magnetization It is believed that the earth's magnetic field is produced by the movement of molten iron in the outer core. The earth has magnetic poles located near the geographic poles. The "N" pole of a bar magnet or compass is attracted to our geographic north pole. Therefore it is a magnetic south pole. Magnetic declination the angle in degrees from magnetic N to geographic "north", 05 degrees east in Minnesota North Geographic Pole South Magnetic Pole South Geographic Pole North Magnetic Pole In 1820, Oersted discovered that a wire carrying current can deflect a compass. If the current is reversed, so does the compass. The field lines circle the wire in a perpendicular fashion. Ampere's RightHand Rule if the thumb points in the direction of the positive current flow (not electrons), the fingers wrap around the wire in the direction of the magnetic field (same direction that "N" on a compass would).