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Energy in Ecosystems Review What is a Food Web? • a group of food chains showing all of the feeding relationships in an ecosystem. All Food Webs: • Trophic level — a • Original Energy (SUN) layer in the feeding • Producers relationship of an • Consumers one link in ecosystem, • Decomposers the food chain/web. So, all producers are at the same trophic level and all primary consumers are at the next trophic level. • Soil • Biomass — total • Arrows showing energy amount of organic flow! material present in a trophic level. Organic = is currently living or lived in the past Energy/Ecological Pyramids http://www.vtaide.com/png/foodchains.htm http://www.earthforce.org/files/1284_image2_Energy_Pyramid_for_ Galvbay.jpg • Another way to look at trophic levels. • a diagram showing the relative amounts of energy/biomass in the different trophic levels. • Lowest trophic levels are at the bottom: Producers have the greatest biomass. Example of an Energy Pyramid 1 MAN MAN 0.1% 10% 100 % of the sun’s energy FOX 1% 10% 10% RABBIT Rabbit 90% Energy Lost during conversion to heat, waste…. 90% 10% Grass 90% 10 FOXES 100 RABBITS 1000 Bunches of GRASS - The decreasing size of the pyramid shows that each level of the pyramid has a smaller and smaller number of those organisms. Carrying Capacity: • The maximum population a community can tolerate for extended periods of time. Population: How many of a specific species can live in an area? Community = the plants and animals found in an area An extended period of time … the environment remains healthy and future generations of organisms are able to continue to live within the community • Look at this picture called “The Full Bucket” • How does this illustration explain this concept? What causes populations to spill over (die or leave)? • Carrying Capacity is usually due to Abiotic Factors Abiotic Factors = nonliving characteristics of the environment. For example: -Sunlight -Moisture -Space -Pollution -Landscape/Terrain What is this illustration trying to tell you about carrying capacity? This ecosystem is overflowing What are some of the reasons this ecosystem is “spilling over.” This is what limits a population from becoming too large? Limiting Factors: • Anything that keeps a population from over-growing the resources available. • Consider how changing the factors that affect carrying capacity can alter the population size of a species. Predation Disease Floods Accidents Drought Fire Hunting Pollution Shade Parasites Storms Starvation Habitat Loss New Predator/Prey Website •http://www.shodor.org/ interactivate/activities/ RabbitsAndWolves/