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Transcript
Principals of Animal Diseases Animal Science II Causes 1. Infectious • Caused by microorganisms 2. Noninfectious – – – – – Faulty nutrition Metabolic disorder Trauma Toxic substance Congenital defects • Birth defects Cattle • Brucellosis – – – – Abortions in last ½ of pregnancy Afterbirth retention Sterility Animal must be destroyed • Shipping fever – – – – Coughing, diarrhea, fever, discharge Common in young animals Shipping stress Antibiotics and sulfa drugs Swine • Transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) – Virus (highly contagious) – 100% mortality in young pigs – Vomiting, diarrhea – White, yellow or green feces – Drugs and vaccines not effective Swine • Pseudorabies – Virus – Fever, vomiting, convulsions, tremors – Sudden death in young pigs 24hrs after symptoms appear – Drugs and vaccines not effective Swine • Brucellosis • Cholera (eradicated in the US) • Scours – Drugs for drinking water • • • • Leptospirosis MMA Mycoplasmal pneumonia SMEDI Poultry • Aortic rupture – Male turkeys – 8 to 20 weeks – Bleed to death – Control • Lower-energy ration • Low-level use of tranquilizers Poultry • Newcastle – Virus – Gasping for air, sneezing, breathing difficulty, tremors, paralysis – No known cure • Avian pox (Fowl pox) – – – – Virus Yellow cankers in mouth and eyes Scabs around the head No known cure Poultry • Cocidiosis – Controlled by coccidiostats • Bluecomb • Blackhead • Fowl cholera • Erysipelas Treatment • Prevention is the best way to control diseases – Cleanliness – Vaccinations – Quarantine – Exposure – Isolation Parasites • Objective – Describe the internal and external parasites of livestock and poultry Parasites • External – Ticks • bloodsuckers – Mites • mange – Lice • Biting bloodsuckers Parasites • External (continued) – Blowfly • Screwworm in larva stage – Heel fly • Cattle grub – Horn fly • Smallest, bloodsucking species – Horsefly, housefly, stable fly Parasites • Internal – Roundworms • Stomach worms • Ascarids • Pinworms • Bloodworms • Lungworms Parasites • Internal (continued) – Tapeworms • Broad tapeworms • Beef or pork tapeworm – Flukes Parasite Problems • Weight loss and loss of gain – Most costly excluding death • Major external parasite of swine – Lice and mites • External parasites of poultry – Lower production by sucking blood Parasite Problems • Heel Fly larva or Cattle grubs – Greatest financial loss to cattle – Lower rate of gain – Damage hides and meat Parasite Problems • Major internal parasite of poultry – Several types of worms • Roundworm – Most damage to hogs by internal parasites Controlling Parasites • Prevention – Most effective • Chemicals for external parasites – Systematic insecticides that spread throughout the body is most effective • Cattle grubs Controlling Parasites • Deworming pigs – Sows and guilts one week before farrowing – Protects piglets Controlling Parasites • Poultry Houses – Mites, bedbugs, fowl ticks hide in daylight – Emerge at night – Cracks and crevices must be sprayed Controlling Parasites • Poultry – Little problems with worms • Confinement housing offers protection • Wire cage Controlling Parasites Chemical, mechanical, biological, and cultural methods are used to reduce loss in poultry and livestock