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PERSIAN WARS FIRST PERSIAN WAR DARIUS THE GREAT BATTLE MARATHON CAUSES ■ EXPAND THE PERSIAN EMPIRE ■ REVENGE FOR IONIAN REVOLT STARTED BY ATHENS ■ REVENGE FOR THE DEATH OF ONE OF DARIUS’S SONS BATTLE OF MARATHON 490 B.C.E MARATHON ATHENIAN COMMANDER MILITIADES WITH 10,000 ATHENIANS 1,000 PLATAEANS ■ PERSIANS COMMANDED BY DATIS 60,000 TOTAL BUT ONLY 20,000 ON LAND DURING THE BATTLE ■ GREEK VS PERSIAN AFTERMATH CRUSHING ATHENIAN VICTORY ■ LOSSES 192 GREEK DEAD TO 6,400 PERSIANS ■ LOSS OF ONE RUNNER WHO DIED BRING THE NEWS TO ATHENS (26 MILES)(PHILIPPIDES) NOTE- HE MAY HAVE RUN 150 MILES WITHIN A 48 HOUR PERIOD ■ ■ DARIUS DID NOT RETURN BECAUSE HE HAD A REVOLT IN PERSIA TO SUBDUE AND DIED BEFORE GETTING BACK TO THE GREEKS ■ IT SHOULD BE NOTED THAT THE PERSIAN HISTORIANS JUST REFER TO THIS WAR AS THE GREEK WAR NOT GREEK WAR 1 AND GREEK WAR 2 SECOND PERSIAN WAR XERXES I THERMOPLYE, ATHENS, SALAMIS AND PLATAEA CAUSES REVENGE FOR XERXES FATHERS FAILURE ■ ADD GREECE TO THE PERSIAN EMPIRE ■ BUFFER ZONE AGAINST THE RAIDERS FROM BULGARIA ■ BATTLE OF THERMOPLYAE 480 B.C.E. FORCES LEONIDAS KING OF SPARTA 300 SPARTANS 1,000 PHOCIANS 6,000 OTHER GREEKS ■ XERXES COMMANDER WITH HYDARNES AS SUB-COMMANDER 60,000-250,000 MEN ■ “ DON’T COOK THIS MORNING FOR TONIGHT WE DINE IN HADES”! LEONIDAS AFTERMATH LEONIDAS KILLED ALONG WITH 298 SPARTANS(2 WERE SENT BACK WITH MESSAGES) ■ 3,000 OTHER GREEKS KILLED ■ NO RECORD OF PERSIAN LOSSES BUT ESTIMATED AT 6,000-10,000 ■ BURNING OF ATHENS 480 B.C.E. ORACLES PREDICTION ■ “FLY, FLEE TO THE ENDS OF THE EARTH DOOMED ONES. FOR THE HEADLONG GOD OF WAR WILL LAY YOU LOW. “BUT ATHENA SAYS YOU WILL FIND PROTECTION BEHIND YOUR WOODEN WALLS” BATTLE OF SALAMIS THE TURNING POINT 480 B.C.E. FORCES GREEK COMMANDER THEMISTOCLES ■ 370 ASSORTED SHIPS(200 TRIREMES) ■ PERSIANS COMMANDED BY MARDONIUS ■ 1,OOO SHIPS ■ “TODAY, MY MEN FIGHT LIKE WOMEN AND MY WOMEN FIGHT LIKE MEN.” AFTERMATH GREEK LOSSES 40 SHIPS ■ PERSIAN LOSSES 200+ SUNK ■ 300+ CAPTURED ■ XERXES NOW UNABLE TO MAINTAIN A LARGE PERSIAN ARMY IN GREECE ■ BATTLE OF PLATAEA END OF THE WAR 479 B.C.E. FORCES GREEK COMMANDER PAUSANIUS(SPARTA) ■ 80,000 ASSORTED CITY-STATES ■ PERSIAN COMMANDER MARDONIUS ■ 100,000 PERSIANS WITH 20,000+ GREEK MERCENARIES ■ AFTERMATH GREEK LOSSES 1360 ■ PERSIAN LOSSES 100,000+ ■ MARDONIUS KILLED ■ NO PRISONERS TAKEN AND NO QUARTER GIVEN ■ RESULTS OF THE PERSIAN WARS HATRED OF PERSIA AND A GOAL TO DESTROY HER ■ VAST DEVASTATION IN GREECE ■ ATHENS REBUILT ■ GREECE SPLITS INTO TWO ARMED CAMPS 1. DELIAN LEAGUE LED BY ATHENS 2. PELOPONNESIAN LEAGUE LED BY SPARTA ■