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PERSIAN WARS
FIRST PERSIAN WAR
DARIUS THE GREAT
BATTLE MARATHON
CAUSES
■
EXPAND THE PERSIAN EMPIRE
■
REVENGE FOR IONIAN REVOLT
STARTED BY ATHENS
■
REVENGE FOR THE DEATH OF ONE
OF DARIUS’S SONS
BATTLE OF MARATHON
490 B.C.E
MARATHON
ATHENIAN COMMANDER
MILITIADES WITH
10,000 ATHENIANS
1,000 PLATAEANS
■ PERSIANS COMMANDED BY DATIS
60,000 TOTAL BUT ONLY 20,000 ON
LAND DURING THE BATTLE
■
GREEK VS
PERSIAN
AFTERMATH
CRUSHING ATHENIAN VICTORY
■ LOSSES 192 GREEK DEAD TO 6,400
PERSIANS
■ LOSS OF ONE RUNNER WHO DIED
BRING THE NEWS TO ATHENS (26
MILES)(PHILIPPIDES)
NOTE- HE MAY HAVE RUN 150 MILES
WITHIN A 48 HOUR PERIOD
■
■
DARIUS DID NOT RETURN BECAUSE
HE HAD A REVOLT IN PERSIA TO
SUBDUE AND DIED BEFORE
GETTING BACK TO THE GREEKS
■
IT SHOULD BE NOTED THAT THE
PERSIAN HISTORIANS JUST REFER
TO THIS WAR AS THE GREEK WAR
NOT GREEK WAR 1 AND GREEK WAR
2
SECOND PERSIAN WAR
XERXES I
THERMOPLYE, ATHENS,
SALAMIS AND PLATAEA
CAUSES
REVENGE FOR XERXES FATHERS
FAILURE
■ ADD GREECE TO THE PERSIAN
EMPIRE
■ BUFFER ZONE AGAINST THE
RAIDERS FROM BULGARIA
■
BATTLE OF THERMOPLYAE
480 B.C.E.
FORCES
LEONIDAS KING OF SPARTA
300 SPARTANS
1,000 PHOCIANS
6,000 OTHER GREEKS
■ XERXES COMMANDER WITH
HYDARNES AS SUB-COMMANDER
60,000-250,000 MEN
■
“ DON’T COOK THIS MORNING FOR
TONIGHT WE DINE IN HADES”!
LEONIDAS
AFTERMATH
LEONIDAS KILLED ALONG WITH 298
SPARTANS(2 WERE SENT BACK WITH
MESSAGES)
■ 3,000 OTHER GREEKS KILLED
■ NO RECORD OF PERSIAN LOSSES
BUT ESTIMATED AT 6,000-10,000
■
BURNING OF ATHENS
480 B.C.E.
ORACLES PREDICTION
■
“FLY, FLEE TO THE ENDS OF THE
EARTH DOOMED ONES. FOR THE
HEADLONG GOD OF WAR WILL LAY
YOU LOW. “BUT ATHENA SAYS YOU
WILL FIND PROTECTION BEHIND
YOUR WOODEN WALLS”
BATTLE OF SALAMIS
THE TURNING POINT
480 B.C.E.
FORCES
GREEK COMMANDER
THEMISTOCLES
■ 370 ASSORTED SHIPS(200 TRIREMES)
■ PERSIANS COMMANDED BY
MARDONIUS
■ 1,OOO SHIPS
■
“TODAY, MY MEN FIGHT
LIKE WOMEN AND MY
WOMEN FIGHT LIKE
MEN.”
AFTERMATH
GREEK LOSSES 40 SHIPS
■ PERSIAN LOSSES 200+ SUNK
■ 300+ CAPTURED
■ XERXES NOW UNABLE TO MAINTAIN
A LARGE PERSIAN ARMY IN GREECE
■
BATTLE OF PLATAEA
END OF THE WAR
479 B.C.E.
FORCES
GREEK COMMANDER
PAUSANIUS(SPARTA)
■ 80,000 ASSORTED CITY-STATES
■ PERSIAN COMMANDER MARDONIUS
■ 100,000 PERSIANS WITH 20,000+
GREEK MERCENARIES
■
AFTERMATH
GREEK LOSSES 1360
■ PERSIAN LOSSES 100,000+
■ MARDONIUS KILLED
■ NO PRISONERS TAKEN AND NO
QUARTER GIVEN
■
RESULTS OF THE
PERSIAN WARS
HATRED OF PERSIA AND A GOAL TO
DESTROY HER
■ VAST DEVASTATION IN GREECE
■ ATHENS REBUILT
■ GREECE SPLITS INTO TWO ARMED
CAMPS
1. DELIAN LEAGUE LED BY ATHENS
2. PELOPONNESIAN LEAGUE LED BY
SPARTA
■