Download Component Symbol Volume - Savannah State University

Seawater Aquaria
for Georgia Coastal Marine Life
Marine Science Program
Savannah State University
Dr. M. Gilligan
I. Equipment and materials
• A. System – open and closed
• B. Filtration
– 1. Mechanical (removes particles)
– 2. Chemical (buffers)
– 2. Biological (microbes)
• C. Substrate - pH regulation
• D. Water
– 1. sea salt mix
– 2. natural
• E. Temperature and light
Every breath you take…..
Component
Symbol
Volume
Nitrogen
N2
78.084%
Oxygen
O2
20.947%
Argon
Ar
0.934%
Carbon Dioxide
CO2
0.033%
Neon
Ne
18.2 parts per million
Helium
He
5.2 parts per million
Krypton
Kr
1.1 parts per million
Sulfur dioxide
SO2
1.0 parts per million
Methane
CH4
2.0 parts per million
Hydrogen
H2
0.5 parts per million
N2O
0.5 parts per million
Nitrous Oxide
99.998%
Xenon
Xe
0.09 parts per million
Ozone
O3
0.07 parts per million
NO2
0.02 parts per million
I2
0.01 parts per million
Nitrogen dioxide
Iodine
Carbon monoxide
CO
trace
Ammonia
NH3
trace
Nitrogen (N)
• The nitrogen cycle is complex in part because of the many chemical
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
forms of N: Organic-N; NO3; NH4; gases N2, N2O, NO + NO2
(=NOx).
(NO), Nitric oxide
(NO2), Nitrogen dioxide
(N2O), Nitrous oxide
(N2) diatomic oxygen
(NO2) nitrite
(NO3) nitrate
(NH4) ammonia, (NH3-) ammonium
• Accounting - distribution of N in grams times 1015.
–
–
–
–
–
–
Rocks and sediments 190,400,120(deep, unavailable)
Atmosphere 3,900,000
Ocean 23,348
Soils 460
Land plants 14
land animals 0.2
Nitrogen Pathways and Reactions:
• N2 to organic-N; called "N-fixation" (plants and
•
•
•
•
humans)
Organic-N to NH4+ ;"mineralization" (by
bacteria and fungi)
NH4+ to NO3- , producing NO2 and N2O;
"nitrification" (by bacteria)
NO3- to N2 , producing N2O ; "denitrification"
(by bacteria)
NO3- & NH4+ to organic-N; "photosynthesis"
(uptake by plants)
Eduction pipe lift pump
Invented by German mining engineer Carl Loescher in 1797
For tropical reef aquaria
II. Setting up and cycling
• A. Tank placement
• B. Assembly
• C. Cycling
– http://saltaquarium.about.com/gi/dynamic/off
site.htm?zi=1/XJ&sdn=saltaquarium&zu=http
%3A%2F%2Freefsources.itgo.com%2Fguide
%2Fbiological.html
III. Animals and plants
• A. How many?
• B. What kinds? - Fish, crabs, shrimp,
barnacles, oysters, sea shells, anemones,
gorgonians, starfish, urchins, worms, sand
dollars, algae (sea weeds). Avoid: sea
cucumbers, sponges, and large fish.
IV. Maintenance
• A. Evaporation and water changes
• B. Cleaning
• C. Feeding
• D. Problems and tips
– 1. Cloudy water and mortalities
– 2. Diseases and copper
– 3. Water color
VI. Collecting your own specimens
• A. Collecting
– Temperature, aeration, biomass/vol.
• B. Handling and transporting
– Containers – dark and insulated
VII. Maintaining and feeding
• Community tank
– No questionable additions
– Do not feed for three days
– Feed M,W, F only
– No uneaten food, dead or decaying matter in
tank at all
– Return all unhealthy to nature OR have
intensive care tank