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PERIOD 3 TERMS ISLAM Muhammad Khadija Caliphate Abu Bakr Mecca Medina Allah Koran (Quran) Hajj Hadith Five Pillars of Islam Hijra Sunni Muslim Shiite (Shi’a) Muslim Umayyads Abbasids Fatimids Damascus Baghdad Sufism Mosque Hijab (veil) Madrasa Seljuk Turks Ibn Battuta Founder of Islam, considered a prophet Wife of Muhammad, first convert to Islam Islamic kingdom, ruled by a caliph First caliph of Islam Holy city of Islam, location of Kaba City Muhammad fled to. Also known as Yathrib God of Islam; same as Judaic and Christian god Holy Book of Islam Pilgrimage to Mecca, a pillar of Islam The collection of the sayings of Muhammad Faith, Prayer, Fasting, Charity, Pilgrimage Muhammad’s flight from Mecca to Medina Any strong leader may rule Islam Caliph must trace lineage to Muhammad First Islamic Caliphate-capital in Damascus Second Islamic Caliphate-capital in Baghdad Shiite Dynasty based in Northern Africa Capital of Umayyad caliphate Capital of Abbasid caliphate Mystic division of Islam focused on spirituality Islamic place of worship Required of Islamic women around any male Islamic holy school Later Islamic Kingdom; Held holy lands during crusades Islamic traveler from West Africa; Wrote of his travels CHINA Sui Tang Song Ming Buddhism in Tang Dynasty Confucian meritocracy Tributary States Kowtow Silk Road Trade of the Song Development of compass Guangzhou Technologies of the Song Yuan Dynasty Kublai Khan Marco Polo Scholar-Gentry Forbidden City Development of Paper Footbinding Empress Wu Bill of Exchange Junk Li Bo Prestor John Short lived Chinese dynasty; work on Grand Canal Noted ruler; Empress Wu-expanded territory and trade Gunpowder, paper money, defeated by Mongol invasion Pushed out Mongols, noted ruler: Hongwu; sponsored Zheng he Buddhism becomes widespread during Tang dynasty Starting in the Sui dynasty, based social status on merit Money paid to Chinese emperor for protection/no invasion Chinese custom of showing submisison by touching forehead to ground Silk road trade peaked during the song dynasty Developed during the Qin dynasty Fertile region of eats China where the Qin dynasty began Woodblock printing, gunpowder, paper money Mongol dynasty led by Kublai Khan Mongol ruler of China during the Yuan dynasty Italian merchant who traveled to China during the Yuan dynasty Academics of China, excelled in the Civil Service examinations Palace of the emperor built by the Ming in Beijing Began with the Han dynasty Chinese tradition of binding a women’s foot to stunt growth Female ruler of Tang dynasty; ruled for infant son(s) First “travelers checks” used so merchants didn’t carry silver/gold Chinese sailing ship Tang dynasty romantic poet King of legendary Christian kingdom in East Asia THE AMERICAS Olmec Yucatan Peninsula Olmec heads Maya Cahokia Mississippian Wari Calpulli Earliest civilization in the yucatan peninsula Mesoamerican land; home to Olmec, Toltec, and Mayans Distinctive stone head carvings of the Olmecs Classical civilization of the yucantan peninsula; city-states Central settlement of the Mississippian culture Mound building native culture of the American mid-west Early civilization based around modern day Brazil Social division within the Aztec society CENTRAL EUROPE Genghis Khan Kublai Khan Hulegu Pax Mongolica Mongol Military Tactics Ivan III Novgorood Kievan Rus Rurik Caravanserai Golden Horde Il-Khan Empire St. Cyril Cyrillic Alphabet First Grand Khan of the Mongols Grandson of Ghenghis Khan; ruled Yuan dynasty of China Grandson of Ghengis Khan; ruled the Il-khanate in Central Asia Time of relative peace under the four khanates Used sieges and intimidation to force surrenders or tribute system Prince of Moscow that defied the Golden Horde ; Ivan “the Great” Original capital of the Rus people, Russian port city Earliest Russian State; based in Kiev Traditional founder of the Russian state (Kievan Rus) System of rest stops caravans used for supplies and safety One of the four Mongol khanates in northwestern asia; Batu One of the four Mongol khanates in Central Asia; Hulegu Eastern Orthodox missionary to Russia; alphabet Written alphabet for the Slavic (Russian) language JAPAN Yamato Clan Shintoism Nara Period Heian Period Fujiwara Clan Kamakura Shogunate Shogun Daimyo Bushido Samurai Kamikaze Ashikaga Shogunate Early Clan to rise to power in Japan; capital: Asuka Religion of Japan based in connecting today with the past Followed Yamato period; high cultural output; capital: Nara Followed Nara period; last classical period; capital: Kyoto Emerged during Heian Period; power eclipsed that of emperor Period following Heian with military dictator of Kamakura family Military top leader of the Japanese feudal system Territorial lords in Japanese feudal system the “way of warrior” similar to chivalry Warrior in Japanese feudalism similar to a knight ‘Divine Wind’ ; cyclone sunk mongol invasion fleet Period following Kamakura; similar to Kamakura in power structure SOUTHEAST ASIA Khmer Empire Angkor Wat Dai Co Viet Malacca Srivijaya Nguyen Early kingdom of modern Camboadia temple complex in Cambodia (hindu, then Buddhist) largest in world Early Vietnamese kingdoms Trading city on the Malay peninsula first utilized by Islam Early native kingdom in Indonesia important in trade Vietnamese ruling family during the Dai Co Viet period AFRICA Bantu Migrations Ghana Kingdom Mali Kingdom Mansa Musa Spread of Islam Spread of Christianity Timbuktu Native tribes forced to relocate southeast due to state formation Trading kingdom in west sub-sahara Africa; gold, salt, slaves Trading kingdom founded by Sundiata in West Africa; mansa musa Wealthy ruler of Mali, pilgrimage collapsed Cairo economy Islam trade in North and East resulted in conversions Ehtiopia adopts Christianity which spreads to south and west Major trading city of the Mali Kingdom FEUDAL EUROPE Feudalism Manorialism Carolingian Dynasty Vassals Serfs Lords Vernacular Franks Gaul Clovis Charles Martel Charlemagne Battle of Tours (732) Treaty of Verdun Vikings (Varangians) Normans Magna Carta Wat Tyler Battle of Hastings (1066) Crusades Black Death Fief Hanseatic League Guild System 100 Years War Christian Schism of 1054 Three-Field System Guttenberg Thomas Aquinas Scholasticism Flying Buttress Gothic Architecture political system of the middle ages based on feudal contracts economic system of the middle ages based on self-sufficient manors Dynasty of Charlemagne in modern-day France Owed lord loyalty, men, and tribute in a feudal contract Peasants tied to the land despite who currently controls it Give vassal use of land in return for loyalty the common language of the people Germanic tribe settled in modern France; become Carolingians Term for modern France prior to arrival of the Franks First Frankish king; converted to Christianity after winning battle Wins battle of Tours; halts advance of Islam in Europe Largest Frankish Kingdom; divides amongst three sons Charles Martel (Frankish) stops advance of Islam in Europe Divides land peacefully between Charlemagne’s sons founders of Kievan Rus Vikings settled in Normandy in exchange for not attacking Franks British, 1215, King John signed; King under rule of law 1381 British peasant revolt leader Norman conquest of Britain establishing modern England in 1066 Religious-Military quest to retake holy lands from Turks Bubonic plague; killed 1/3 European population; transmitted by fleas A piece of land awarded in a feudal contract Trading Guild of Northern Germanic Kingdoms Trade organizations that guaranteed workmanship and wages Britain and France fight over feudal dominance Break between roman-catholic and eastern orthodox Christianity Medieval system of crop rotation leaving one field fallow (empty) German inventor of moveable type in the western world Theologian associated with Scholasticism; Summa Theologica Educational movement seeking to integrate philosophy and Christianty Supported roof through arches; allowed walls of glass; gothic Dominated by stone work and flying buttresses; cathedrals