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Diagramming Parts of the Sentence – a visual representation of the parts of a the sentence Water line- holds the subject and the verb of the Subject- who or what is doing the action of the sentence sentence Fishing pole-divides the subject from the verb on the Verb- action or linking; what is happening in water line the sentence Diving board- represents a subject complement or Linking Verb- links the subject to the subject subject completer; follows a linking verb complement; does NOT show action (is, am, are, was, were, been, being, become, be) Dock- represents a direct object; follows an action Article- “a”, “an”, “the” verb Anchor/Sinker-is under the water line and holds Adjective-describes a noun or pronoun (Susan adjectives, adverbs, and articles bought a shiny, red car.) Tadpole- is under the waterline and represents a Adverb- describes an adjective or a verb (She preposition; this line must have a tail quickly packed her things.) Missile- represents a compound part of the sentence Direct Object-follows an action verb; answers “who” or “what” to the action verb Indirect Object- often found between the action verb and direct object; answers “who” or “what” to the direct object Preposition- explains the relation between two words or tells where (The trash can is located beside the door.) Object of the Preposition- answers “who” or “what” to the preposition (The trash can is located beside the door.) Subject Complement- follows the linking verb and describes the subject; usually an adjective (Mr. Winchester is excited.) Pronoun- a word used in place of a noun Pronouns and Antecedents MUST agree in: 1. number 2. case 3. gender In regard to gender, pronouns may be: 1. masculine (male) 2. feminine (female) 3. neuter (neutral…no gender) Examples of Subject Case Pronouns: I, you, he, she, it ,we, they “Who” is a SUBJECT case pronoun. Sentence – contains a subject, verb, and complete thought Fragment – missing a complete thought Run-on – two or more sentences without proper punctuation Antecedent- the word that the pronoun is replacing or referring to in a sentence In regard to number, pronouns can be: 1. singular (1) 2. plural (2 or more) Pronouns can be any of the following cases: 1. subject 2. object 3. possessive Examples of Object Case Pronouns: Me, you, him, her, it, us, them “Whom” is an OBJECT case pronoun. 1) Simple – only contains independent clause; 2) Complex – contains one independent and at least one dependent clause; 3) Compound – contains at least two independent clauses combined by a comma and conjunction; semicolon; or semicolon, transition word, comma; 4) Compound-Complex – contains at least two independent clauses and at least one dependent clause Narrative Writing-purpose is to entertain Theme- the overall moral, value, or lesson that the character learns Protagonist- the good person in the story Antagonist- the bad guy or villain of the story Reflection- when the character thinks back on the story and the lesson that he/she learned Plot- the events in a story (exposition, rising action, conflict, falling action, resolution) Setting- time and place a story occurs Conflict- problem or struggle (internal/external) Suspense- the intense feeling; cliffhanger Empathy- the ability to understand a character’s feelings Flashback- character relives a memory or thinks back to a memory Pacing- the speed of the story; how fast or slow the story goes through the plot Dialogue- written conversation between characters Exposition- the setting, characters, and conflict are introduced (1st part of plot) Rising Action- events leading up to the climax; suspense and empathy are built into the story Climax- the highest part or most exciting point in the story Falling Action- events following the climax; problem begins to be solved Resolution- the problem is solved; REFLECTION occurs in resolution Thought shot- the reader is able to “see” the character’s thoughts (NOT A MEMORY) Informational/Expository Writing- purpose is to inform (no opinions) Thesis- states the main idea of the writing piece Opinion- an idea that can NOT be proven Topic sentence- states the main idea of a body Bias- presents one idea in a more favorable light; paragraph should NOT be in this writing Concluding/Clincher sentence- sentence that ends Relevant Details- details that are ON topic and a body paragraph support the main idea Homerun sentence- last sentence in the essay; Irrelevant Details- details that are OFF topic and wraps essay up don’t support the main idea Argumentative Writing- the purpose is to persuade Claim- the writer’s opinion; the overall point of the piece Counter-claim- the overall opposite of your CLAIM Supporting Evidence-details that support the body paragraph arguments Argument- the three supporting details that prove the claim Counter-argument- there will be 3 (one for each body paragraph); each one represents the opposite of one argument Rebuttal- the “comeback” to each counterargument The final will be worth 200 points, and will consist of 50 multiple choice questions.