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4th Quarter Final Review/Study Guide Name ________________________________ Section One: Diagramming Parts of the Sentence – a visual representation of the parts of a the sentence Waterline- holds the subject and the verb of the sentence Subject- who or what is doing the action of the sentence Fishing pole- divides the subject from the verb on the water line Verb- action or linking; what is happening in the sentence Diving board- represents a subject complement or subject completer; follows a linking verb Linking verb- links the subject to the subject complement; does NOT show action (is, am, are, was, were, been, being, become, be) Dock- represents a direct object; follows an action verb Article- “a”, “an”, “the” Sinker- is under the water line and holds adjectives, adverbs, and articles Adjective- describes a noun or pronoun (Susan bought a shiny, red car.) Preposition- is under the waterline and represents a preposition; this line must have a tail Adverb- describes an adjective or a verb (She quickly packed her things.) Missile- represents a compound part of the sentence Direct object- follows an action verb; answers “who” or “what” to the action verb Indirect object- often found between the action verb and direct object; answers “who” or “what” to the direct object Prepositional phrase/preposition explains the relation between two words or tells where (The trash can is located beside the door.) Object of the preposition answers “who” or “what” to the preposition (The trash can is located beside the door.) Subject completer follows the linking verb and describes the subject; usually an adjective (Mr. Winchester is excited.) Practice your skills by diagramming the following sentences: Mrs. Luna bought a new couch. Ms. Whittle quickly ran to the office. Mr. Otto found a secret note in the hallway. Mrs. West enjoys reading and cooking. 4th Quarter Final Review/Study Guide Name ________________________________ Section Two: Correct Pronoun Usage in Writing Pronoun- a word used in place of a noun Pronouns and Antecedents MUST agree in: Antecedent- the word that the pronoun is replacing or referring to in a sentence In regard to number, pronouns can be: 1. gender 1. singular 2. number 2. plural 3. case In regard to gender, pronouns may be: Pronouns can be any of the following cases: 1. masculine 1. subject 2. feminine 2. object 3. neuter Examples of Subject Case Pronouns: 3. possessive Examples of Object Case Pronouns: 1. I 2. you 1. me 2. you 3. he 4. she 3. him 4. her 5. it 6. we 5. it 6. us 7. they 7. them “Who” is a(n) subject case pronoun. “Whom” is a(n) object case pronoun. Section Three: Effective Sentences to Enhance Your Writing Sentence – contains a subject, verb, and complete thought 1) Simple – only contains independent clause; Fragment – missing a complete thought 2) Complex – contains one independent and at least one dependent clause; Run-on – two or more sentences without proper punctuation 3) Compound – contains at least two independent clauses combined by a comma and conjunction; semicolon; or semicolon, transition word, comma; Choppy – several very short sentences in a row 4) Compound-Complex – contains at least two independent clauses and at least one dependent clause Stringy – multiple independent clauses (3 or more) joined by conjunctions only Ms. Whittle misses the beach 4th Quarter Final Review/Study Guide Name ________________________________ Section Four: Narrative Writing Narrative Writing-purpose is to entertain Theme - the overall moral, value, or lesson that the character learns Flashback - character relives a memory or thinks back to a memory Protagonist - the good person in the story Pacing - the speed of the story; how fast or slow the story goes through the plot Antagonist - the bad guy or villain of the story Dialogue - written conversation between characters Reflection - when the character thinks back on the story and the lesson that he/she learned Exposition - the setting, characters, and conflict are introduced (1st part of plot) Plot - the events in a story (exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, resolution) Rising action - events leading up to the climax; suspense and empathy are built into the story Setting - time and place a story occurs Climax - the highest part or most exciting point in the story Conflict - problem or struggle (internal/external) Falling action - events following the climax; problem begins to be solved Suspense - the intense feeling; cliffhanger Resolution - the problem is solved; REFLECTION occurs in resolution Empathy - the ability to understand a character’s feelings Thought-shot - the reader is able to “see” the character’s thoughts (NOT A MEMORY) Section Five: Expository Writing (Informational) Informational/Expository Writing- purpose is to inform (no opinions) Thesis - states the main idea of the writing piece Opinion - an idea that can NOT be proven Topic sentence - states the main idea of a body paragraph Bias - presents one idea in a more favorable light; should NOT be in this writing Clincher - sentence that ends a body paragraph Relevant - details that are ON topic and support the main idea Home-run sentence - last sentence in the essay; wraps essay up Irrelevant - details that are OFF topic and don’t support the main idea 4th Quarter Final Review/Study Guide Name ________________________________ Section Six: Persuasive Writing (Argumentative) Argumentative Writing- the purpose is to persuade Claim - the writer’s opinion; the overall point of the piece Argument - the three supporting details that prove the claim Counter-claim - the overall opposite of your CLAIM Counter-argument - there will be 3 (one for each body paragraph); each one represents the opposite of one argument Evidence/Supporting details -details that support the body paragraph arguments Rebuttal - the “comeback” to each counterargument Section Seven: On Demand Writing Explain and describe the T is TAP: Task (what are you having to write) Explain and describe the A is TAP: Audience (who are you writing for) Explain and describe the P is TAP: Purpose (what is the purpose of the piece…PIE) Explain and describe the P is PED: Point Explain and describe the E is PED: Evidence Explain and describe the D is PED: Discuss The final will be worth 200 points, and will consist of 50 multiple choice questions.