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Transcript
Latin 101: How to Identify Grammatical Forms in Context (after OLCCE 14) nouns: case, number (sing. or pl.), gender example: tertiā horā mater filiae canem dat. filiae is dative singular feminine Or, “What is the case of horā? Why is it in that case? horā is ablative of time pronouns, including relative pronouns: case, number, gender, referent (=what it refers to) example: Quintus, quī ingeniosus erat, ludum in Venusiā nōn amabatt. quī: nom. sing. masc. referring to Quintus adjectives: case, number, gender, referent (= to what/whom the adj. refers); if comparative or superlative, say so, and supply the positive degree of the nominative singlular example: Argus maior est quam ille canis. maior: nom. sing. masc. comparative adj. from magnus, refers to Argus verbs: a. finite (=conjugated) verbs: person, number, tense (possibilities: present, imperfect, perfect, pluperfect), 1st person singular of the verb example: paucīs annīs Caesar omnēs inimīcōs vīcerat. vīcerat: 3rd pl. pluperfect of vincō b. infinitive: identify as infinitive, and supply the 1st singular of the verb example: Quīntus nōlēbat diūtius in lūdō Orbiliī studēre. studēre: infinitive of studeō c. imperative: identify as imperative sing. or pl.; supply the 1st sing. of the verb example: nolīte ludere, puerī, sed audīte. audīte: imperative plural of audiō d. participles: PAP, 1st singular of the verb; case, number, gender, referent adverbs: simply identify as such; if comparative or superlative, indicate so, and supply the positive degree of the adjective in the nominative singular *Appendix Uses of the ablative: obj. of preposition, abl. of separation, place where, time when, time within which, means/instrument, manner, quality, adjectives with ablative complement, e.g. dignus + abl., plenus + abl.
