Download Latin 101: How to Identify Grammatical Forms in Context

Latin 101: How to Identify Grammatical Forms in Context (after OLCCE 15)
nouns: case, number (sing. or pl.), gender
example:
tertiā horā mater filiae canem dat.
filiae is dative singular feminine
Or, “What is the case of horā? Why is it in that case? horā is ablative of time
pronouns, including relative pronouns: case, number, gender, referent (=what it
refers to)
example:
Quintus, quī ingeniosus erat, ludum in Venusiā nōn amat.
quī: nom. sing. masc. referring to Quintus
adjectives: case, number, gender, referent (= what/whom the adj. refers to);
if comparative or superlative, say so, and supply the positive degree of
the nominative singlular
example:
Argus maior est quam ille canis.
maior: nom. sing. masc. comparative adj. from magnus,
refers to Argus
verbs:
a. finite (=conjugated) verbs: person, number, tense (possibilities: present, imperfect,
future, perfect, pluperfect, future perfect), 1st person singular of the verb
example:
paucīs annīs Caesar omnēs inimīcōs vīcerit.
vīcerit: 3rd pl. future perfect of vincō
b. infinitive: identify as infinitive, and supply the 1st singular of the verb
example:
Quīntus nōlēbat diūtius in lūdō Orbiliī studēre.
studēre: infinitive of studeō
c. imperative: identify as imperative sing. or pl.; supply the 1st sing. of the verb
example:
nolīte ludere, puerī, sed audīte.
audīte: imperative plural of audiō
d. participles: PAP, 1st sing., case, number, gender, referent
adverbs: simply identify as such; if comparative or superlative, indicate so, and
supply the positive degree of the adjective in the nominative singular
*Appendix
Uses of the ablative: obj. of preposition, abl. of separation, place where, time when, time within
which, means or instrument, manner quality, adjectives requiring ablative complement, e.g.,
dignus + abl., plenus + abl.