Download Latin 101: How to Identify Grammatical Forms in Context

Latin 102: How to Identify Grammatical Forms in Context (after OLC I.27)
nouns: case, number (sing. or pl.), gender
example:
tertiā horā mater filiae canem dat.
filiae is dative singular feminine
Or, “What is the case of horā? Why is it in that case? horā is ablative
of time*
pronouns, including relative pronouns: case, number, gender, referent (=what it refers to)
example:
Quintus, quī ingeniosus erat, ludum in Venusiā nōn amat.
quī: nom. sing. masc. referring to Quintus
adjectives: case, number, gender, referent (= what/whom the adj. refers to, or
modifies); if comparative or superlative, say so and supply the positive
degree of the nominative singlular
example:
Argus maior est quam ille canis.
maior: nom. sing. masc. comparative adj. from magnus,
modifying Argus
verbs:
a. finite (=conjugated) verbs: person, number, tense (possibilities: present, imperfect,
future, perfect, pluperfect, future perfect), 1st person singular of the verb
example:
paucīs annīs Caesar omnēs inimīcōs vīcerat.
vīcerat: 3rd pl. pluperfect of vincō
b. infinitive: identify as infinitive, and supply the 1st singular of the verb
example:
Quīntus nōlēbat diūtius in lūdō Orbiliī studēre.
studēre: infinitive of studeō
c. imperative: identify as imperative sing. or pl.; supply the 1st sing. of the verb
example:
nolīte ludere, puerī, sed audīte.
audīte: imperative plural of audiō
d. participles: PAP, 1st sing., case, number, gender, referent
example: Horatia amicās ludentēs in viā vidit.
ludentēs: PAP from ludō; acc. pl. fem. referring to amicās
adverbs: simply identify as such; if comparative or superlative, indicate so, and
supply the positive degree of the adjective in the nominative singular
*Appendix
Uses of the ablative (see OLC II. 22-23): obj. of preposition, abl. of separation, place, time
when, time within which, means or instrument, manner, quality, adjectives with ablative
complement, eg. dignus + abl.; plenus + abl.