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Transcript
Standard S6CS5a: The relationship between the ocean and other Earth systems Standard S6E3c: Composition of earth’s oceans Standard S6E4a: Heat absorption by land and water Standard E6E5e: Process of the ocean EQ: What are the characteristics of ocean water? Salty Sodium chloride (NaCl) Most common dissolved substance in ocean Result of rivers flowing into oceans Rivers bring dissolved minerals Water evaporates & leaves salt behind Salinity Amount of dissolved salt in a given amount of water Grams of salt per kilogram of water Usually 35 g of salt per 1000ml of water Hot, dry climate increases salinity Cool, humid climate decreases salinity Mouth of river decreases salinity Less water movement increases salinity Temperature Zones Surface zone—warmest Thermocline --temp decreases with depth Deep zone—coldest Ocean as a Thermostat Keeps earth suitable for life Regulates temp by absorbing energy from the sun Slowly absorbs & releases thermal energy (heat) Ocean currents move water & thermal energy Summary Explain why hot, dry climates have high salinity while cooler, humid climates have low salinity. Explain how the mouth of a river opening into the ocean effects salinity and why. Explain the relationship between movement and salinity of ocean water. Standard S6E3c: Topography of Earth’s oceans EQ: What are the features of the ocean floor? 2 Regions of Ocean Floor Continental Margin made of continental crust Deep Ocean Basin made of oceanic crust What oceanic features are in the continental margin? Continental Shelf If the shoreline Gently slopes down Continental Slope Steep drop to bottom of ocean floor Continental Rise Bottom of the continental slope where sediment piles up What oceanic features are in the Deep Ocean Basin? Abyssal Plain Flat part of ocean floor Mid-Ocean Ridge Mtn chains formed where tectonic plates pull apart Rift Zones where magma rises, cools Sea Floor Spreading Longest mtn range on Earth 40,000 miles or 64,000 km long Rift Valley Valley between mtns of Mid-Ocean Ridge Ocean Trench Deep, huge cracks Where subduction occurs Seamonts Individual volcanic mtns on ocean floor May become an island EQ: How deep is the ocean? SONAR Sound Navigation and Ranging Sound waves are sent from a ship to the ocean floor. How long it takes for the sound to return to the ship tells how far down the floor is. Satellites Geostat Looks for small changes in the height of the floor Measures the water above the geographic features Underwater Vessels Alvin locates organisms near vents Piloted vessel Jason II & Medea are robots that explore the ocean floor