Download infection control 2015

Infection Control
Learning Targets
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I can explain what a nosocomial infection is
I can list all items of Personal protective equipment (PPE) and the
situations they should be used
I can identify things that should be reported and the proper person/place
to report to
I can explain standard precautions
I can list the different types of transmission based precautions
I can describe the role of OSHA and CDC in infection control
I can give examples of blood borne pathogens/illnesses
I can describe the chain of infection
I can explain the difference in an epidemic and pandemic
I can recognize biohazard symbol and what that means
Learning Skill Targets
• I can correctly demonstrate proper
handwashing
• I can correctly demonstrate how to put
on and take of PPE (gowns and gloves)
• I can correctly remove contaminated
gloves
Overview
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Infectious diseases
Causes of disease
Prevention against disease
Chain of Infection
Types of PPE (personal protective
equipment)
• Legal obligations
Health Professionals
• you must first protect yourselves, coworkers, and victims/patients
• Understanding infectious disease
transmission is vital
– Allows prevention, protection, and
management of potential infectious
diseases outbreaks
CDC
• Centers for Disease Control
– Government Agency
– Study disease prevention
– developed standard precautions
OSHA
• Occupational Safety and Health
Administration
– Government agency
– Set guidelines for employers to keep
workers in all settings safe
– Blood Borne Pathogen Standard
OSHA
• requires employers to develop a Bloodborne
Pathogen Exposure Control Plan.
• plan outlines protective practices to decrease
the risk for hospital employees who might be
exposed to bloodborne diseases.
• requires high risk workplaces to supply
gloves, Hep B vaccines or any other needed
items to employees
Microorganism
• AKA-- Microbe
• A microorganism or microbe is an
organism that is so small that it is
microscopic
• invisible to the naked eye
• Types- Bacteria, Fungi, Viruses,
Protozoa
Microorganisms
• Pathogen-infectious agent that causes
disease or illness to its host
• Non pathogen-does not make you sick
Bloodborne pathogens
• microorganisms that are present in
human blood and some other body
fluids (semen-spinal fluid) can cause
disease in humans.
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• Blood Borne Pathogens include but are
not limited to:
– hepatitis B (HBV),
– hepatitis C (HCV) and
– human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
Microorganisms
• To be able to live…………
• must survive the Chain of Infection
• Are everywhere
Cycle of Transmission
• Infectious agent/pathogen: the
organism causing the infection
• Reservoir-The host: the infected
person or animal “carrying” the
pathogen…..Where it all begins
• Portal of exit-how it leaves body
• Transmission: how the pathogen
is transferred from host to
susceptible person or animal
• Portal of Entry-how it enters body
• The susceptible host: the
potential future host
Glove Practice
Disease transmission
– Contact transmission
• Direct contact with infectious agent (objects)
– Airborne transmission
• Airborne particles settle or are inhaled
– Vehicle transmission
• Food or water carries infectious organism
– Vector-borne transmission
• Living creature harbors infectious organism
Standard precautions
• a set of infection control practices used to
prevent transmission of diseases
• These are to be used when providing care to
all individuals, whether or not they appear
infectious or symptomatic.
• Centers for Disease Control--recommends
Standard Precautions for the care of all
patients, regardless of their diagnosis or
presumed infection status.
Standard Precautions apply to :
• 1) blood
• 2) all body fluids, secretions, and excretions,
except sweat, regardless of whether or not
they contain visible blood
• 3) non-intact skin
• 4) mucous membranes
Standard Precautions includes
- hand washing
- appropriate personal protective equipment
- such as gloves, gowns, masks, whenever
touching or exposure to patients' body fluids is
anticipated.
• When should Health care workers wear
gowns and gloves?
• When there is the CHANCE of contact
with blood and body fluids
Now a step Further!
Transmission-Based
Precautions
• recommended to provide additional
precautions beyond Standard
precautions to interrupt transmission of
pathogens.
Types of Transmission-Based
Precautions
• Airborne Precautions used for infections
spread in small particles in the air such as
chicken pox or TB (tuberculosis)
• Droplet Precautions used for infections
spread in large droplets by coughing, talking, or
sneezing such as influenza.
• Contact Precautions used for infections
spread by skin to skin contact or contact with
other surfaces
Break the Chain
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_o9
SxDFPUiA
• If a nursing home resident is being
transported from their hospital room to
x-ray for test and they positive for
Influenza……..what should they have
on before leaving the room.
Practice putting on your PPE!
Our Defense Against
Diseases
• Use standard/transmission-based
precautions-PPE
• Skin: first barrier to disease
• Healthy body is best defense
• Immunization/Vaccines
• Antibodies
• Know who is more at risk
Who is at risk?
• Immune suppressed-Chemo and
transplant patients
• Very young and old
• Chronic respiratory diseases
Hand Hygiene
• Hand hygiene
– Most simple and easiest way to prevent
infection
– Hand washing: part of routine patient care
– Vigorous scrubbing for 15-20 seconds
washes away dead skin and bacteria
• ***THINK!!
• Which person listed below would stand a better
chance at defending against an infectious disease?
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A. Healthy 14 year old teen who plays tennis
B. 76 year old female with lung cancer
C. 5 year old with childhood asthma
D. 5 Day old healthy baby boy
Disposal of waste
• Potentially infectious materials are biohazard
• Needle disposal: use sharps container
• Accidental needle stick: largest risk for
exposure to blood-borne diseases
– Record in sharps injury log
Epidemic
• occurs when an infectious disease
spreads rapidly to many people
Pandemic
• is an epidemic of infectious disease that
has spread through human populations
across a large region
• multiple continents, or even worldwide
Legal Obligations
• Reporting exposure
– Health Care workers with exposure to
infectious material must seek medical
treatment and follow-up
– Health Department
• The Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC)
• Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA)
Legal Obligations (cont’d.)
• Epidemiology
– Used to prevent and control infectious
diseases
– Mandatory reporting of notifiable diseases
is regulated at state level
Nosocomial Infection
• Hospital acquired infection
• One-third of nosocomial infections are considered preventable.
The CDC estimates 2 million people in the United States are
infected annually by hospital-acquired infections, resulting in
20,000 deaths.
Conclusion
• Importance of infection control cannot
be overemphasized
• Education of infectious disease is a
necessity
• Health Care Workers must know,
understand, and continually practice
infection control measures