Download outline infection control

Emergency Procedures Infection Control
Name:_____________________________Date:_________________Class:_______________
Health Professionals
You must ________________ protect yourselves, co-workers, and victims/patients
Understanding infectious disease transmission is vital
Allows prevention, protection, and management of potential infectious diseases outbreaks
CDC
Centers for Disease Control
_____________________ Agency
Study disease prevention
Developed standard precautions
OSHA
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
Government agency
Set guidelines for employers to keep workers in all settings _______________
Blood Borne Pathogen Standard
OSHA requires employers to develop a Blood borne Pathogen Exposure Control Plan.
Plan outlines protective practices to decrease the risk for hospital employees who might be exposed to
blood borne diseases.
Requires high risk _______________ to supply gloves, Hep B vaccines or any other needed items to
employees
Microorganism
AKA-- Microbe
A microorganism or microbe is an organism that is so small that it is microscopic
Invisible to the naked ______________
Types- Bacteria, Fungi, Viruses, Protozoa
Microorganisms
________________-infectious agent that causes disease or illness to its host
___________________-does not make you sick
Blood borne pathogens
Microorganisms that are present in human ___________ and some other body __________ (semenspinal fluid) can cause disease in humans.
Blood Borne Pathogens include but are not limited to:
hepatitis B (HBV),
hepatitis C (HCV) and
human immunodeficiency virus (_________).
Microorganisms
To be able to live…………
must survive the ____________ of Infection
Are everywhere
Cycle of Transmission
Infectious agent/pathogen: the organism causing the infection
Reservoir-The host: the infected person or animal “carrying” the pathogen…..Where it all begins
Portal of exit-how it leaves body
Transmission: how the pathogen is transferred from host to susceptible person or animal
Portal of Entry-how it enters body
The susceptible host: the potential future host
Disease transmission
Contact transmission
___________ contact with infectious agent (objects)
Airborne transmission
______________________ particles settle or are inhaled
Vehicle transmission
_______________________ carries infectious organism
Vector-borne transmission
____________________ harbors infectious organism
Standard precautions
a set of infection control ________________ used to prevent transmission of diseases
These are to be used when providing care to _______________ individuals, whether or not they appear
infectious or symptomatic.
Centers for Disease Control--recommends Standard Precautions for the care of all patients, regardless of
their diagnosis or presumed infection status.
Standard Precautions apply to :
1) blood
2) all body fluids, secretions, and excretions, except sweat, regardless of whether or not they contain
visible blood
3) non-intact skin
4) mucous membranes
Standard Precautions includes
hand washing
appropriate personal _________________ equipment
such as gloves, gowns, masks, whenever touching or exposure to patients' body fluids is anticipated.
When should Health care workers wear gowns and gloves?
When there is the CHANCE of contact with blood and body fluids
Now a step Further!
Transmission-Based Precautions
recommended to provide additional precautions _________________ Standard precautions to interrupt
transmission of pathogens.
Types of Transmission-Based Precautions
Airborne Precautions used for infections spread in small ____________ in the air such as chicken pox or
TB (tuberculosis)
Droplet Precautions used for infections spread in large _____________ by coughing, talking, or sneezing
such as influenza.
Contact Precautions used for infections spread by skin to ______________ contact or contact with other
surfaces
If a nursing home resident is being transported from their hospital room to x-ray for test and they
positive for Influenza……..what should they have on before leaving the room.
Our Defense against Diseases
Use standard/transmission-based precautions-PPE
Skin: first _____________ to disease
Healthy body is best defense
Immunization/Vaccines
Antibodies
Know who is more at risk
Who is at risk?
Immune suppressed-Chemo and transplant patients
Very young and ______________
Chronic respiratory diseases
Hand Hygiene
Most simple and _______________ way to prevent infection
Hand washing: part of routine patient care
Vigorous scrubbing for 15-20 seconds washes away dead skin and bacteria
***THINK!!
Which person listed below would stand a better chance at defending against an infectious diseases
A. Healthy 14 year old teen who plays tennis
B. 76 year old female with lung cancer
C. 5 year old with childhood asthma
D. 5 Day old healthy baby boy
Disposal of waste
Potentially _________________ materials are biohazard
Needle disposal: use sharps container
Accidental needle stick: largest risk for exposure to blood-borne diseases
Record in sharps injury log
Epidemic
occurs when an infectious disease spreads rapidly to _______________ people
Pandemic
is an epidemic of infectious disease that has spread through human populations across a
______________ __________________
multiple continents, or even worldwide
Legal Obligations
Reporting exposure
Health Care workers with exposure to infectious material must seek medical treatment and follow-up
Health Department
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (__________)
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (____________)
Legal Obligations (cont’d.)
Epidemiology
Used to prevent and control infectious diseases
Mandatory reporting of notifiable diseases is __________________ at state level
Nosocomial Infection
Hospital _________________ infection
One-third of nosocomial infections are considered preventable. The CDC estimates 2 million people in
the United States are infected annually by hospital-acquired infections, resulting in 20,000 deaths.
Conclusion
___________________ of infection control cannot be overemphasized
Education of infectious disease is a necessity
Health Care Workers must know, understand, and continually practice infection control measures