Download Chapter Six Section one and two Study Guide Outline Teacher Copy

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Ch. 6 Section 1 & 2 Unit Guide
Section One
Darwin’s Observations:
Key Terms:
Species- A group of similar organisms that can mate and produce organisms that
can go on to mate and reproduce.
Questions from this section:
1. Were the Galapagos a diverse chain of islands (same weather, plants, etc)?
They were very diverse- some islands have lush vegetation, some are
volcanic, and others are arid and dry.
2. What types of animals did Darwin discover on the Galapagos?
Darwin observed marine iguanas, finches, and tortoises.
Galapagos Organisms:
Key Terms:
Adaptation-A behavior or physical trait that enables an organism to survive and
reproduce.
Questions from this section:
1. Describe how the Galapagos organisms were different from those on the
mainland. The iguanas had much longer claws which enabled them to
survive in the rocky terrain.
2. Describe two specific types of adaptations organisms had developed on the
Galapagos and how those adaptations help them survive.
The finches developed different shaped beaks depending on what type of
food they ate.
The tortoises developed longer necks in order or eat from different types of
plants.
Evolution:
Key Terms:
Theory- A well tested scientific concept that has been supported by significant
evidence.
Evolution- The gradual change in a species over time.
Questions from this section:
1. How did Darwin theorize that plants and animals are the Galapagos Islands
changed? (How/why did they change)? When they reached the islands they
were faced with new conditions. Those that were best able to adapt
survived and passed on those traits.
Natural Selection:
Key Terms:
Natural selection- The process where organisms that are better adapted are more
likely to survive and reproduce.
Variation- Differences between members of the same species.
Questions from this section:
1. What are the five factors that affect natural selection ( describe what they
are)
a. Overproduction- Producing more offspring then there are resources
available.
b. Competition- when organisms fight for food, water, and living space.
c. Selection- nature “selects” organisms to survive based on how well they
can adapt.
d. Variation- differences between members of the same species.
e. Environmental Change – different events that can cause organisms to
leave an area or die out.
2. What are the three things organisms compete for? Food, water, living space
3. What is the name of the book Darwin wrote? “The Origin of Species”
Section Two: Evidence of Evolution
Interpreting the Evidence:
Key Terms:
Fossils- the traces or remains of a once living organism.
Homologous Structure- similar body structure
Questions from this section:
1. If two organisms have similar forms of embryo development what can we
infer about two organisms? We can infer that they perhaps share a common
ancestor.
2. What are the three main pieces of evidence used to support evolution?
a. Fossils
b. Homologous Structures
c. Embryo Development
Inferring Species Relationships:
Key Terms:
Branching tree diagram- a diagram that shows how closely related two organisms
are.
Questions from this section:
1. If two different organisms have a lot of base pairs in common, what can you
infer about the two organisms? You can infer they are closely related to on
another.
2. How are scientists combining evidence to determine evolutionary
relationships? They are re-evaluating past relationships and establishing
more accurate relationships between organisms.
How Do New Species Form?
Questions from this section:
1. What are the three main ways members of a species can be separated?
Rivers, volcanoes, and mountain ranges
2. How can isolation affect members of certain species?
If members of a species become isolated they might be faced with new
conditions. They will be forced to adapt to their surroundings or die out.