Download The Tide of War Turns

The Tide of War Turns
I. Fredericksburg and
Chancellorsville
A. Fredericksburg
Hooker
McClellan
1. Frustrated by McClellan’s
Lincoln replaced him with
Ambrose Burnside
2. Burnside went after
Richmond through
Fredericksburg
3. Was slowed down waiting
for supplies to cross the
Rappahannock
4. Burnside order a retreat
after suffering heavy
casualties
USA – 12,600
CSA 5,300
5. Burnside stepped down
and was replaced by
Joseph Hooker
Burnside
B. Chancellorsville
Lee
1. April 1863 Hooker’s men
Jackson
attacked Fredericksburg
2. He sent the majority off to
approach the Confederate’s
flank and took a defensive
position in Chancellorsville
3. Lee used most of his men
to attack and cut the Union
in two – they were forced
to retreat
4. Stonewall Jackson, Lee’s
most trusted General was
accidently killed by his own
men
II. Battle of Gettysburg
A. First Day
1. Lee was hoping for a
victory in the North
as he made his way
towards Pennsylvania
2. A confederate raiding
party went to
Gettysburg for boots
and other supplies –
they ran into Union
forces and exchanged
fire
3. The Union regrouped
Lee and Longstreet
and took a defensive
position
4. Lee’s second in
command Longstreet
suggested that they
move east and take
defensive positions as
well – Lee said no, he
thought his troops
were invincible
B. Second Day
1. Lee attempted
to capture an
area called Little
Round Top
2. The Union
position was
saved by
Colonel
Chamberlain
Joshua Chamberlain
C. Pickett’s Charge
Pickett
Meade
1. Day Three Lee against
2.
3.
4.
5.
Pickett’s Charge
Longstreet’s
recommendation attack the
center of the Union line at
Cemetery Ridge
Confederates attempted to
weaken the Union with
artillery, their barrage did
little damage
In the late afternoon Pickett
led the failed Confederate
charge
With the arrival of Union
reinforcements, Lee retreated
Meade did not pursue
D. Aftermath of
Gettysburg
1. Gettysburg was the
turning point of the
war, along with the
victory at Vicksburg
2. Northerners now
believed the North
could win
3. After Gettysburg
Britain and France
refused to help the
Confederates – Cotton
Diplomacy had failed
E. The Gettysburg
Address
1. Was given on
November 19,
1863
2. Honored the men
that died at
Gettysburg
3. Reminded people
of the reasons why
the war was being
fought
III. Union Campaigns Cripple
the Confederacy
A. Wilderness
Campaign in the
East
1. Series of battles
designed to capture
Richmond
2. Union forces suffered
losses twice as high as
the Confederates –
Grant knew he was
getting more
B. Sherman Strikes the South
1. Lincoln needed a victory
to help with his
reelection campaign –
Provided by William
Tecumseh Sherman
2. Sherman took Atlanta
and then moved on to
Savannah, using total
war – destroying
everything in his path
IV. The South Surrenders
A. Fighting Ends
1. By the Second week of
April 1865 Grant had
Lee surrounded and had
cut off his escaped route
2. April 9, 1865 Lee
surrendered to Grant in
the small town of
Appomattox Courthouse
3. Lee’s men were allowed
to keep their horses and
were not tried for treason
B. The Effects of the War
1. 620,000 Americans died
2. Slavery ended
3. The Southern economy was ruined
4. Hostility remained between the North
and South