Download Chapter 16.5 Vocabulary Two Column Notes

Chapter 16.5
Vocabulary/Two Column Notes
The Tide of War Turns
Fredericksburg
and
Chancellorsville
● Lincoln replaced McClellan with Ambrose
Burnside as the leader of the Army of the
Potomac
● November 1862 - Burnside takes 120,000
troops to attack Richmond, Virginia by way
of Fredericksburg/Delayed
● Lee forces Burnside to retreat at
Fredericksburg
● Burnside stepped down and Lincoln put
General Joseph Hooker in charge
● April 1863 - Hooker seeks to attack
Fredericksburg but hesitates at
Chancellorsville
Fredericksburg
and
Chancellorsville
● Lee and Jackson force Hooker to retreat
● Stonewall Jackson shot by own troops and
dies a few days later
Battle of
Gettysburg
vs
● The next battle would take place at
Gettysburg, Pennsylvania
● Lee hoped to receive international
recognition by winning this battle
Battle of Gettysburg: (July 1-3, 1863) key
battle that finally turned the tide against the
Confederates - George G. Meade vs. Robert E.
Lee
Day 1: Union establishes itself along Cemetery
Ridge and Culp’s Hill/Strategic
Confederates camped at Seminary Ridge
Day 2: Union force Confederates to retreat from
Little Round Top
Battle of
Gettysburg
Day 3: George Pickett (Pickett’s Charge) charges
Cemetery Ridge for one mile with 15,000
men/suffered severe losses/forced to retreat
Day 4: Lee retreats to Virginia
● 75,000 Confederates soldiers and 90,000 Union
troops fought at Gettysburg
● General Meade did not follow Lee’s
army/Angered Lincoln/war could have ended
● Turning point: Lee would never again launch an
attack in the North
Gettysburg Address: speech Lincoln gave praising
the bravery of the Union soldiers and renewed the
commitment to winning the Civil War
Union
Campaigns
Cripple the
Confederacy
Wilderness Campaign in
East
Sherman Strikes the
South
● Lincoln makes Grant commander of Union
army in the East
● 1864 Grant forced Lee to fight battles in
Virginia
Wilderness Campaign: series of battles designed
to capture Confederate capital Richmond, Virginia
William Tecumseh Sherman: Carried out Union
plan to destroy southern railroads and industries
● September 2, Sherman captures Atlanta,
Georgia/important railroad hub and industry
● Sherman practices Total War on his way to
Savannah, Georgia
Total War: destroying civilian and economic
resources
Sherman Strikes the
South
● Total war would ruin south’s economy and will to
fight/destroy bridges, crops, livestock,
plantations, railways, freed slaves
● December 10, 1864 - Sherman arrives at
Savannah, Georgia/leaves destruction behind
him
The South
Surrenders
The Effects of the War
● As Sherman reached North Carolina Grant broke
through Petersburg,Virginia
● Lee tried to join other Confederates in North
Carolina/Grant cut off his escape
Appomattox Courthouse: April 9, 1865 - the town
where Lee surrendered to Grant, ending the Civil
War
● Grant allows Lee’s men to keep their horses and
would not be tried for treason
● War lasted from April 12, 1861-April 9, 1865
● 620,000 dead
● Slavery ended/most had no homes or jobs
● Southern economy was destroyed
● Tensions remained after fighting