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History of Theatre To give students a base of information from which to begin a theatre class, we will spend some time looking at the history of theatre. Please take your time to carefully read through the information and thoroughly answer the questions using complete sentences. Incomplete sentences will not receive credit. You will have class time on Friday, Monday and Tuesday for this task. DUE: Wednesday, September 16th at the beginning of class. A test will be follow. (Tip: Do not just read through the information for the answers. The test will hold you responsible for ALL the information in the packet. Complete the questions by Monday, and review and study on Tuesday!) Name __________________________ Date _______________________ Points _____________ The Origins of Theatre 1. What was the purpose of wall paintings, decorations, artifacts and hieroglyphics? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 2. What did theatre emerge from? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 3. How did acting spaces develop? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ Theatre and Drama in Ancient Greece 1. Why did the chorus develop as an active part of Greek theatre? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 2. Describe what most Greek tragedies are based upon/deal with. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 3. Who are the three most well known Greek tragedy playwrights? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ Roman and Byzantine Theatre and Drama 1. What style of theatre was popular in ancient Rome? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 2. What sorts of entertainments were popular in Rome? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 3. Whom were the first theatres dedicated to? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ European Theatre and Drama in the Middle Ages 1. What did the Catholic Church attempt to do to traveling performers? Why? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 2. What sort of theatre was used in the church? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 3. How did the role of director emerge? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ Italian Theatre and Drama 1. What era were many Italian theatre folk interested in? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 2. What important element of theatre were Italians instrumental in making popular? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 3. What was commedia dell’arte? What were some elements of it? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ English Theatre from the Middle Ages to 1642 1. Who were the University Wits? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 2. Why is Shakespeare known as the greatest dramatist of all time? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 3.What happened to English drama after 1610? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ The Spanish Theatre to 1700 1. Describe theatre in Spain during the 16th century. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 2. Where were the theatrical centers of Spain? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 3. Who was Miguel de Cervantes? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ The Theatre in France (1500-1700) 1. Why was early French drama not very influential? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 2. How was Moliere viewed by the church? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 3. What innovations were the French noted for? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ The Theatre of the Orient 1. What language was Indian drama spoken in? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 2. What is “Rasa”? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 3. What is Kabuki theatre? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ The English Theatre, 1642-1800 1. What happened to theatre between the years of 1642 and 1660? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 2. What happened in 1660 that caused a renewal in theatre? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 3. What scenic innovations developed during the Restoration period? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ Italy and France in the 18th Century 1. What specific innovations were the Italians known for? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 2. What was the feud between the two actresses? What do YOU think about the topic of the feud? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 3. Who was Voltaire? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ Theatre in Northern and Eastern Europe During the 18th Century 1. Why did theatre develop slowly during the 18th century? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 2. What did August Iffland want to do to all roles? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 3. Who was Johann Wolfgang von Goethe? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ Theatre in Europe and the US During the Early 19th Century 1. What theatrical movement dominated 19th century German theatre? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 2. What theatrical movement was influential in England? What fueled it? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 3. Who were three popular playwrights in France in the 19th century? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ Theatre and Drama in Europe and the U.S. During the late 19th Century 1. What was a repertory company? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 2. What developed that finally made playwrighting a profitable profession? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 3. What is vaudeville? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ The Beginnings of Modern Theatre, 1875-1915 1. What contributions did Wagner make to theatre? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 2. Who was Heinrich Ibsen? (Please be specific.) ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 3. What are two well known plays by George Bernard Shaw? (Extra credit: What musical is based upon the story of Pygmalion?) ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ The Theatre in Europe and the U.S. Between the Wars 1. What belief did dadaism and surrealism utilize? Why do you suppose this was? (HINT: Think of what was happening in the world at the time…what started in 1918 and then again in 1939 that would have created such a belief?) ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 2. Who was Eugene O’Neill? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 3.What was the Federal Theater Project? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ Theatre in Europe and the U.S., 1940-1968 1. Who was Tennessee Williams? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 2. What was the Actors Studio known for? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 3. Why did theatre decline in this period? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ Theatre and Drama after 1968 1. Who wrote A Raisin in the Sun, and what is it about? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 2. What changes occurred in French theatre? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 3. What big changes occurred in theatre in 1968? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________